一、基本结构
先看架构图
框架.png
二、设备端接入
物联网终端是用的ESP32,是一款自带蓝牙和Wifi的单片机。利用它可以直接接入互联网,无需其他模块。当然你可以将现在流行的NB-Iot模块来联网,不过需要自己写一下驱动程序。我买的模块是支持micropython开发的,在淘宝上可以搜索到,用起来很方便。有时间我会补上这一块的初步教程。
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ESP32模块.jpg
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ESP32 上的代码如下:
from umqtt.simple import MQTTClient
import usocket as socket
import time
import wifi
wifi.connect()
#Demo_01
ProductKey = "*********"#使用你自己的
ClientId = "1234|securemode=3,signmethod=hmacsha1|"
DeviceName = "Demo_01"
DeviceSecret = "*******************************"#使用你自己的
strBroker = ProductKey + ".iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
Brokerport = 1883
user_name = "Demo_01&*********"#使用你自己的
user_password = "**********************************************"#使用你自己的
print("clientid:",ClientId,"","Broker:",strBroker,"","User Name:",user_name,"","Password:",user_password,"")
def connect():
client = MQTTClient(client_id = ClientId,server= strBroker,port=Brokerport,user=user_name, password=user_password,keepalive=60)
#please make sure keepalive value is not 0
client.connect()
temperature =25.00
while temperature < 30:
temperature += 0.5
send_mseg = '{"params": {"IndoorTemperature": %s},"method": "thing.event.property.post"}' % (temperature)
client.publish(topic="/sys/*************/Demo_01/thing/event/property/post", msg=send_mseg,qos=1, retain=False)#*号处为product id
time.sleep(3)
while True:
pass
#client.disconnect()
有几点需要说明:
1.代码中的wifi.connect()函数需要自己编写,网上能搜到类似的,也可以打赏私信我所要源码。
2.阿里云物联网平台的接入需要进行三元组认证,会根据一定的规则生成登录名和密码,这个网上信息还是比较全面的。
3.向阿里云物联网平台发布消息的格式一定要按照代码中所写,网上很多代码,但是对这一块的描述都不清楚。
Micropython使用的umqtt.simple库,一定要设置keepalive时间,否则无法连接。这一点我是摸索了好久,最终通过查看库的源码才发现的问题。
三、云端设置
在云端建立一个高级产品,并创建两个设备,以供ESP32 和PC连接。
device.JPG
需要在产品中定义一下功能。
device_define.JPG
云端和设备端都建立好了之后,可以查看设备运行状态看到数据上传
云端数据查看.JPG
这是查看数据记录得到的结果
云端数据记录.JPG
当你看到正确的数据之后,就说明你的成功接入物联网并上传了数据。
接下来就是最重要的部分——设置是使用规则引擎来进行数据转发,将设备demo_01的数据转发到demo_02。这一步的语法很重要,虽然有官网有详细教程,但是当时还是搞了好久才完全正确。
规则查询语句:
SELECT items.IndoorTemperature.value as IndoorTemperature FROM "/sys/use-your-productkey-here/Demo_01/thing/event/property/post" WHERE items.IndoorTemperature.value > 0
四、PC端接入
PC 端使用python模拟MQTT设备登陆阿里云订阅消息就行了,只要装好python很快就可以实现,网上也有很多代码。代码的很大一部分就是在做三元组认证,可以将这部分稍微修改一下来计算ESP32 登陆时所需的
PC端python代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python2
# coding=utf-8
import datetime
import time
import hmac
import hashlib
import math
try:
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
except ImportError:
print("MQTT client not find. Please install as follow:")
print("pip install paho-mqtt")
# 设置连接信息
#Demo_02
ProductKey = "*********"#使用你自己的
ClientId = "2234" # 自定义clientId
DeviceName = "Demo_02"
DeviceSecret ="************************************8**"#使用你自己的
# 获取时间戳(当前时间毫秒值)
us = math.modf(time.time())[0]
ms = int(round(us * 1000))
timestamp = str(ms)
# 计算密码(签名值)
def calculation_sign(signmethod):
data = "".join(("clientId", ClientId, "deviceName", DeviceName,
"productKey", ProductKey, "timestamp", timestamp))
if "hmacsha1" == signmethod:
# ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret),
# bytes(data), hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"),
hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
elif "hmacmd5" == signmethod:
# ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
# bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"), hashlib.md5).hexdigest()
ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"),
hashlib.md5).hexdigest()
else:
raise ValueError
return ret
# ======================================================
strBroker = ProductKey + ".iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
port = 1883
client_id = "".join((ClientId,
"|securemode=3",
",signmethod=", "hmacsha1",
",timestamp=", timestamp,
"|"))
username = "".join((DeviceName, "&", ProductKey))
password = calculation_sign("hmacsha1")
print("="*60)
print(strBroker)
print("client_id:", client_id)
print("username:", username)
print("password:", password)
print("="*60)
# 成功连接后的操作
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
print("OnConnetc, rc: " + str(rc))
# 成功发布消息的操作
def on_publish(client, msg, rc):
if rc == 0:
print("publish success, msg = " + msg)
# 成功订阅消息的操作
def on_subscribe(mqttc, obj, mid, granted_qos):
print("Subscribed: " + str(mid) + " " + str(granted_qos))
def on_log(mqttc, obj, level, string):
print("Log:" + string)
def on_message(mqttc, obj, msg):
curtime = datetime.datetime.now()
strcurtime = curtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(strcurtime + ": " + msg.topic + " " + str(msg.qos) + " " + str(msg.payload))
on_exec(str(msg.payload))
def on_exec(strcmd):
print("Exec:", strcmd)
strExec = strcmd
if __name__ == '__main__':
mqttc = mqtt.Client(client_id)
mqttc.username_pw_set(username, password)
mqttc.on_message = on_message
mqttc.on_connect = on_connect
mqttc.on_publish = on_publish
mqttc.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
mqttc.on_log = on_log
mqttc.connect(strBroker, port, 120)
# mqttc.loop_start()
time.sleep(1)
temperature =27.55
mqttc.subscribe("/sys/************/Demo_02/thing/service/property/set", qos=1) # 换成自己的
#send_mseg = '{"pm_25": %s,"area":"%s","time":"%s"}' % (0, 0, datetime.datetime.now())
#send_mseg = '{"id": "1234", "version": "1.0","params": {"IndoorTemperature": %s},"method": "thing.event.property.post"}'%(temperature)
send_mseg = '{"params": {"IndoorTemperature": %s},"method": "thing.event.property.post"}' % (temperature)
print('send_mseg is : ',send_mseg)
mqttc.loop_forever()
五、总结
工作之余了解了一下物联网的发展,看到有意思的东西打算学一下,刚好看到了microPython,震惊之余,决心做点小东西玩玩。
这套框架全部使用python实现,比我了解到的绝大多数物联网方案要简单太多,虽然有些开发首先,但是用来实现一些简单设计应该是不成问题的,只要你会python,这套系统可以很快构建。当然python也是非常好学的,长期使用C语言的人根本不需要什么学习就可以上手。
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