一、准备阶段
通常情况下，MySQL在CentOS下主要使用glibc、rpm、yum等方式进行安装，使用mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64.tar.gz包进行安装的很少见，网上资料也较少。通过一上午的摸索，总结出如下安装方法。
下载安装包：
[root@GeekDevOps ~]# curl -C - -O https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 674M 100 674M 0 0 4311k 0 0:02:40 0:02:40 --:--:-- 4067k
创建安装账户：
[root@GeekDevOps ~]# useradd -s /bin/false -d /usr/local/mysql mysql
[root@GeekDevOps ~]# id mysql
uid=1000(mysql) gid=1000(mysql) 组=1000(mysql)
二、安装过程
[root@GeekDevOps ~]# tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql/
[root@GeekDevOps mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64/
[root@GeekDevOps mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64]# mv * ../
[root@GeekDevOps mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64]# cd ..
[root@GeekDevOps mysql]# rmdir mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64/
[root@GeekDevOps mysql]# mkdir data
[root@GeekDevOps mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql ../mysql
[root@GeekDevOps mysql]# cd bin
[root@GeekDevOps bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
[root@GeekDevOps bin]# tail -100f ../data/error.log
2018-03-14T06:32:34.966407Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-03-14T06:32:36.208273Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-03-14T06:32:36.367294Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-03-14T06:32:36.522777Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 7c405e3f-2751-11e8-8be8-000c29fb0102.
2018-03-14T06:32:36.525594Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-03-14T06:32:36.526540Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 7Eu;dsRqkY.3
[root@GeekDevOps bin]# cp ../support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
三、配置过程
[root@GeekDevOps ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
character_set_server=utf8
user=mysql
max_connections=1500
symbolic-links=0
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
四、启动服务并登陆
[root@GeekDevOps ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@GeekDevOps mysql]# ./bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.21
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
在此过程中要求输入密码，在第三步中我们可以看到安装完成后的密码：7Eu;dsRqkY.3，输入即可登陆成功。
五、修改密码
mysql> set password=password('GeekDevOps');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
下次登录即可使用新密码进行登录。安装过程至此结束，其他配置与我之前写的glibc版的别无二致，此处不再赘述，其他配置请在my.cnf按照自己的需求进行配置。
六、安装过程中出现的问题
- 在安装完成之后，查看日志我们看到：TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details)。这是一个常见问题，在配置文件/etc/my.cnf的mysqld块添加：explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1，重启数据库服务。
- 在完成上一步操作的过程中，查看日志发现提示：--secure-file-priv is set to NULL. Operations related to importing and exporting data are disabled。意思是与导出、导入有关的操作都是被禁用的，我们需要导出、导入的话就需要设置，在配置文件/etc/my.cnf中mysqld下加入:secure_file_priv=/test（目录可以按需求更改），这一项也可以在安装初始化的时候加入：--secure-file-priv=/test。
七、总结
mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64.tar.gz该版本的MySQL安装教程在网上并不常见，我是通过tar.gz包内的文档（/usr/local/mysql/docs/INFO_BIN）收到启发才进行安装的，从文档中我们可以看到编译的详细信息。
===== Information about the build process: =====
Build was run at 2017-12-28 05:42:32 on host 'vale08'
Build was done on Linux-4.1.12-61.1.27.el7uek.x86_64 using x86_64
Build was done using cmake 2.8.12
===== Compiler flags used (from the 'sql/' subdirectory): =====
# compile C with /bin/cc
# compile CXX with /bin/c++
C_FLAGS = -fPIC -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/release/include -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/extra/rapidjson/include -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/release/libbinlogevents/include -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/libbinlogevents/export -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/include -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/sql/conn_handler -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/libbinlogevents/include -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/sql -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/sql/auth -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/regex -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/zlib -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/extra/yassl/include -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/extra/yassl/taocrypt/include -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/release/sql -I/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-26514852-1514435436.48/mysql-5.7.21/extra/lz4 -DHAVE_YASSL -DYASSL_PREFIX -DHAVE_OPENSSL -DMULTI_THREADED
C_DEFINES = -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DHAVE_LIBEVENT1 -DHAVE_REPLICATION -DMYSQL_SERVER -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_GNU_SOURCE
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