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【Android组件核心面试题】如何判断一个 APP 在前台还是

【Android组件核心面试题】如何判断一个 APP 在前台还是

作者: 小城哇哇 | 来源:发表于2023-12-11 22:25 被阅读0次

    如何判断一个 APP 在前台还是后台?

    这道题想考察什么?
    1. 是否了解如何判断一个 APP 在前台还是后台与真实场景使用,是否熟悉如何判断一个 APP 在前台还是后台在工作中的表现是什么?
    考察的知识点
    1. 如何判断一个 APP 在前台还是后台的概念在项目中使用与基本知识
    考生应该如何回答
    1.你在工作中是如何对如何判断一个 APP 在前台还是后台?

    答:
    可以通过RunningTasks,RunningProcess 以及ActivityLifecycleCallback判定

    RunningTasks方式实现:

    注意:getRunningTask方法在5.0以上已经被废弃,只能返回自己和系统的一些不敏感的task,不再返回其他应用的task,用此方法来判断自身App是否处于后台是有效的,但是无法判断其他应用是否处于前台,因为不能再获取信息。

        private fun getTopApplication() {
    
            //首先获取到ActivityManager
            val activityManager = getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
    
            if (activityManager.getRunningTasks(1) == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "getForegroundActivity: ")
                return
            }
    
            var runningTaskInfo = activityManager.getRunningTasks(1)[0]
            if (runningTaskInfo == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "runningTaskInfo is null")
                return
            }
    
            runningTaskInfo.topActivity?.let {
                Log.e(TAG, "top application is ${it.packageName}")
            }
        }
    
    RunningProcess方式实现:

    Android5.0之后已经被废弃。

    例如,在聊天类型的App中,大部分时间需要常驻后台来不间断地获取服务器的消息,就必须把Service设置成START_STICKY,kill后会被重启(等待5s左右)来保证Service常驻后台。如果Service设置了这个属性,这个App的进程就可以判断为前台。代码表现为

    appProcess.importance == ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND
    

    下述code永远成立,这样就无法判断到底那个是前台了

        /**
         * 判断当前应用是否处于前台
         */
        private fun isAppForeground(): Boolean {
            val activityManager = getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
            /**
             * 存活的App进程
             */
            var runningAppProcesses = activityManager.runningAppProcesses
    
            if (runningAppProcesses == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "runningAppProcesses is null")
                return false
            }
    
            runningAppProcesses.forEach {
                if (it.processName == packageName && (it.importance == ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND)) {
                    return true
                }
            }
            return false
        }
    
         /**
         * 用于判断那个应用是处于前台的
         */
        private fun getForegroundApp(): String? {
    
            val activityManager = getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
            var runningAppProcesses = activityManager.runningAppProcesses
            if (runningAppProcesses.isNullOrEmpty()) {
                return null
            }
    
            runningAppProcesses.forEach {
    
                if (it.importance == ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND || it.importance == ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE) {
                    return it.processName
                }
            }
    
            return null
        }
    
    ActivityLifecycleCallbacks方式实现:

    这里我们对ActivityLifecycleCallbacks的实现类做了一层封装,利用Kotlin的高阶函数,当我们需要去实现那个声明周期的回调的时候,就通过高阶函数来提供回调处理,否则默认不做任何处理

    class MyActivityLifecycleCallbacks(
        var onActivityCreatedAction: ((Activity, Bundle?) -> Unit)? = null,
        var onActivityStartedAction: ((Activity) -> Unit)? = null,
        var onActivityResumedAction: ((Activity) -> Unit)? = null,
        var onActivityPausedAction: ((Activity) -> Unit)? = null,
        var onActivityStoppedAction: ((Activity) -> Unit)? = null,
        var onActivitySaveInstanceStateAction: ((Activity, Bundle) -> Unit)? = null,
        var onActivityDestroyedAction: ((Activity) -> Unit)? = null
    
    ) : Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
    
        private var mCount=0
        override fun onActivityCreated(activity: Activity, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
            onActivityCreatedAction?.invoke(activity, savedInstanceState)
        }
    
        override fun onActivityStarted(activity: Activity) {
            mCount++
            onActivityStartedAction?.invoke(activity)
        }
    
        override fun onActivityResumed(activity: Activity) {
            onActivityResumedAction?.invoke(activity)
        }
    
        override fun onActivityPaused(activity: Activity) {
            onActivityPausedAction?.invoke(activity)
        }
    
        override fun onActivityStopped(activity: Activity) {
            mCount--
            onActivityStoppedAction?.invoke(activity)
        }
    
        override fun onActivitySaveInstanceState(activity: Activity, outState: Bundle) {
            onActivitySaveInstanceStateAction?.invoke(activity, outState)
        }
    
        override fun onActivityDestroyed(activity: Activity) {
            onActivityDestroyedAction?.invoke(activity)
        }
    
        /**
         * 这里我们把mCount的实际数值返回回去
         */
        fun getCount():Int = mCount
    }
    

    然后我们在Application的onCreate中进行注册:

        class LifeApplication : Application() {
    
            private val TAG = "LifeApplication"
    
            private val mActivityLifecycleCallbacks by lazy {
                MyActivityLifecycleCallbacks(
                    onActivityCreatedAction = { activit, bundle ->
                    Log.e(TAG, "onCreate: ")
                },
                onActivityStoppedAction = { activity ->
    
                    Log.e(TAG, "onStop ")
    
                },
                onActivityDestroyedAction = { activity ->
                    Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy")
    
                })
        }
    
        override fun onCreate() {
            super.onCreate()
            instance = this
            //注册生命周期回调事件
            registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(mActivityLifecycleCallbacks)
        }
    
        /**
         * 用于判断当前进程是否处于前台
         */
        fun isForegroundMethod(): Boolean = mActivityLifecycleCallbacks.getCount() > 0
    
        companion object{
            private  var  instance :LifeApplication?= null
            fun getInstance () = instance!!
        }
    

    当我们不管是点击Back键还是Home键都会回调到onStop方法,我们在onStart和onStop中分别对mCount值做了加减
    这样我们可以通过该数值来判断当前App是前台还是后台

    最后

    有需要面试题的朋友可以关注一下哇哇,以上都可以分享!!!

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