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View.Post () 的身世大揭秘

View.Post () 的身世大揭秘

作者: 波波维奇c | 来源:发表于2018-07-31 12:22 被阅读0次
    View.post( ),大家肯定都用过,也就不陌生了。一般使用View.Post ( ) 的场景最常见的就是
    1.子线程更UI,
    2.获取View的宽高

    那就让我们再带着问题去看看原因咯。

        public boolean post(Runnable action) {
         //判断 attachInfo 是否为空,而进行不同的操作
         //那么其实就是要知道 mAttachInfo 是在哪里被赋值的?
            final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
            if (attachInfo != null) {
                return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
            }
    
            // Postpone the runnable until we know on which thread it needs to run.
            // Assume that the runnable will be successfully placed after attach.
            getRunQueue().post(action);
            return true;
        }
    
    mAttachInfo的赋值

    我们会发现他两个被赋值的地方,分别为 dispatchAttachedToWindowdispatchDetachedFromWindow

    //dispatchAttachedToWindow:
        void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
            //这里赋值
            mAttachInfo = info;
            if (mOverlay != null) {
                mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
            }
            mWindowAttachCount++;
            // We will need to evaluate the drawable state at least once.
            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DRAWABLE_STATE_DIRTY;
            if (mFloatingTreeObserver != null) {
                info.mTreeObserver.merge(mFloatingTreeObserver);
                mFloatingTreeObserver = null;
            }
           registerPendingFrameMetricsObservers();
    
            if ((mPrivateFlags&PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER) != 0) {
                mAttachInfo.mScrollContainers.add(this);
                mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER_ADDED;
            }
            // Transfer all pending runnables.
            //缓存不为空的是时候去执行 缓存的 action
            if (mRunQueue != null) {
                mRunQueue.executeActions(info.mHandler);
                mRunQueue = null;
            }
            performCollectViewAttributes(mAttachInfo, visibility);
            //当对应的 Activity 被添加到 Window的时候调用,只调用一次
            onAttachedToWindow();
       //  .......省略代码
    //dispatchDetachedFromWindow:
      void dispatchDetachedFromWindow() {
            AttachInfo info = mAttachInfo;
            if (info != null) {
                int vis = info.mWindowVisibility;
                if (vis != GONE) {
                    onWindowVisibilityChanged(GONE);
                    if (isShown()) {
                        // Invoking onVisibilityAggregated directly here since the subtree
                        // will also receive detached from window
                        onVisibilityAggregated(false);
                    }
                }
            }
    
            onDetachedFromWindow();
            onDetachedFromWindowInternal();
    
            InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.peekInstance();
            if (imm != null) {
                imm.onViewDetachedFromWindow(this);
            }
    
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            final CopyOnWriteArrayList<OnAttachStateChangeListener> listeners =
                    li != null ? li.mOnAttachStateChangeListeners : null;
            if (listeners != null && listeners.size() > 0) {
                // NOTE: because of the use of CopyOnWriteArrayList, we *must* use an iterator to
                // perform the dispatching. The iterator is a safe guard against listeners that
                // could mutate the list by calling the various add/remove methods. This prevents
                // the array from being modified while we iterate it.
                for (OnAttachStateChangeListener listener : listeners) {
                    listener.onViewDetachedFromWindow(this);
                }
            }
    
            if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER_ADDED) != 0) {
                mAttachInfo.mScrollContainers.remove(this);
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER_ADDED;
            }
            //这里赋空值
            mAttachInfo = null;
            if (mOverlay != null) {
                mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDetachedFromWindow();
            }
    
            notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(false);
        }
    

    但是会发现,到这里的时候我们无法再追踪这两个方法在哪里被调用了,于是我们可以通过网上那些Android源码阅读的网站,或者自己有下载Android源码的来找一找看看 究竟在什么地方被调用的:
    推荐一个:http://androidxref.com/
    搜索 dispatchAttachedToWindow,可以发现如下:

    7403980-e96a4387af6ee912.png

    可以发现,在 ViewGroupViewRootImpl 均有被调用,那么我们就去看看。

    ViewGroup
     @Override
        void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
            mGroupFlags |= FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
           // super.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility); 这句话就是说明他执行了父类的方法
          //也就是我们一开始看到的 View 的dispatchAttachedToWindow()的方法。
            super.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
            mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
    
            final int count = mChildrenCount;
            final View[] children = mChildren;
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                final View child = children[i];
        //这里又会把 mAttachInfo 作为参数传递进去,分别让自己的子类去执行 dispatchAttachedToWindow () 方法,
        //让自己的子类 分别给 mAttachInfo  赋值。
                child.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
                        combineVisibility(visibility, child.getVisibility()));
            }
            final int transientCount = mTransientIndices == null ? 0 : mTransientIndices.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < transientCount; ++i) {
                View view = mTransientViews.get(i);
                view.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
                        combineVisibility(visibility, view.getVisibility()));
            }
        }
    /*但是这样一来我们还是不知道 mAttachInfo  是在那里被赋值的发,只是知道 ViewGroup 会去执行 View 类和掉用子 View 的 dispatchAttachedToWindow () 方法。
    方法。*/
    
    

    继续看看 ViewGroup 里面还有什么地方调用了:
    addViewInner()方法是 viewGroup addView( )内部都会调用的一个方法

    private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params,
                boolean preventRequestLayout) {
    
            if (mTransition != null) {
                // Don't prevent other add transitions from completing, but cancel remove
                // transitions to let them complete the process before we add to the container
                mTransition.cancel(LayoutTransition.DISAPPEARING);
            }
             //判断View是否被添加
            if (child.getParent() != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("The specified child already has a parent. " +
                        "You must call removeView() on the child's parent first.");
            }
    
            if (mTransition != null) {
                mTransition.addChild(this, child);
            }
    
            if (!checkLayoutParams(params)) {
                params = generateLayoutParams(params);
            }
    
            if (preventRequestLayout) {
                child.mLayoutParams = params;
            } else {
                child.setLayoutParams(params);
            }
    
            if (index < 0) {
                index = mChildrenCount;
            }
            //添加到 ViewGroup
            addInArray(child, index);
    
            // tell our children
            if (preventRequestLayout) {
                child.assignParent(this);
            } else {
                child.mParent = this;
            }
    
            final boolean childHasFocus = child.hasFocus();
            if (childHasFocus) {
                requestChildFocus(child, child.findFocus());
            }
           //这里判断 mAttachInfo 的对象是否为空,如果不为空就把 mAttachInfo 作为参数调用子类的 dispatchAttachedToWindow ( ),那么
          //还是回到了 View 的 dispatchAttachedToWindow (),我们还是不知道 mAttachInfo 再哪里给赋值的.
            AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
            if (ai != null && (mGroupFlags & FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW) == 0) {
                boolean lastKeepOn = ai.mKeepScreenOn;
                ai.mKeepScreenOn = false;
                child.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, (mViewFlags&VISIBILITY_MASK));
                if (ai.mKeepScreenOn) {
                    needGlobalAttributesUpdate(true);
                }
                ai.mKeepScreenOn = lastKeepOn;
            }
           .......省略
    

    既然ViewGroup没有,那么我们就去看看 ViewRootImpl。

    ViewRootImpl

    我们在 ViewRootImpl 的 performTraversals(),发现了dispatchAttachedToWindow()被调用,而 performTraversals() 作用就是遍历整个View树,并且按照要求进行measure,layout和draw流程。

     private void performTraversals() {
            // cache mView since it is used so much below...
            final View host = mView;
      //判断是不是第一次
      if (mFirst) {
           .....
          //这里调用了 dispatchAttachedToWindow,并且把 mAttachInfo 给子view
           host.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, 0);
           mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnWindowAttachedChange(true);
           dispatchApplyInsets(host);
         //Log.i(mTag, "Screen on initialized: " + attachInfo.mKeepScreenOn);
          .....
    } 
       mFirst=false
        ...
      // Execute enqueued actions on every traversal in case a detached view enqueued an action
        getRunQueue().executeActions(mAttachInfo.mHandler);
        ...
        performMeasure();
        ...
        performLayout();
        ...
        performDraw();
        ...
    

    上面的代码,等下我们再回来看,我们先找找在 ViewRootImpl 里面 mAttachInfo 是在哪被赋值的

            ...
           final View.AttachInfo mAttachInfo;
            ...
          // mAttachInfo 就是在这里被赋值了,其中在多个参数之中,我们发现了 mHandler。
           mAttachInfo = new View.AttachInfo(mWindowSession, mWindow, display, this, mHandler, this,
                    context);
    
    
        //继续看看 mHandler 是在哪被初始化的。
      final ViewRootHandler mHandler = new ViewRootHandler();
    /*
    通过这句代码我们就可以知道。这里 new 的时候是无参构造函数,那默认绑定的就是当前线程的 Looper,而这句 new 代码是在主线程中执行的,所以这个 Handler 绑定的也就是主线程的 Looper
    */
    再结合:getRunQueue().executeActions(mAttachInfo.mHandler);
       public void executeActions(Handler handler) {
            synchronized (this) {
                final HandlerAction[] actions = mActions;
                for (int i = 0, count = mCount; i < count; i++) {
                    final HandlerAction handlerAction = actions[i];
                    handler.postDelayed(handlerAction.action, handlerAction.delay);
                }
    
                mActions = null;
                mCount = 0;
            }
        }
    
    为什么能更新UI:

    总结回顾一下:
    我们知道了 mAttachInfo 是在 ViewRootImpl 初始化的,再结合刚说等下回去看的 performTraversals 的方法,可以知道ViewRootImpl 会调用子view的 dispatchAttachedToWindow。我们还可以知道为什么 View.post(Runnable),可以更新UI了,因为这些 Runnable 操作都通过 ViewRootImpl 的 mHandler 切到主线程来执行了。

    为什么能获取宽高

    那么我们再次回到 一开始的的地方,我们知道 View 里面的 mAttachInfo 是在 ViewdispatchAttachedToWindow 被赋值,那么 dispatchAttachedToWindow()是在什么时候执行的呢?我们上面分析的是在哪调用了他,和 mAttachInfo的初始化,细心的朋友,会发现在ViewdispatchAttachedToWindow()onAttachedToWindow();,那么我们就可简单写个测试。

      class TestView : TextView {
        constructor(context: Context) : super(context) {}
    
        constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) : super(context, attrs) {}
    
        constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?, defStyleAttr: Int) : super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) {}
    
        override fun onAttachedToWindow() {
            Log.e("TAG---AttachedToWindow", "onAttachedToWindow");
            super.onAttachedToWindow();
        }
    }
    //MainActivity :
    class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
        override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
            
            Log.e("TAG---没有Post", "mButton width : " + tv_test.getMeasuredWidth() + " - height : " + tv_test.getMeasuredHeight());
            tv_test.post {
                Log.e("TAG---Post", "mButton width : " + tv_test.getMeasuredWidth() + " - height : " + tv_test.getMeasuredHeight());
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    //结果:
    07-29 17:17:24.201 31814-31814/? E/TAG---没有Post: mButton width : 0 - height : 0
    07-29 17:17:24.261 31814-31814/? E/TAG---AttachedToWindow: onAttachedToWindow
    07-29 17:17:24.351 31814-31814/? E/TAG---Post: mButton width : 84 - height : 57
    

    那么结果就出来了,在 onCreate 中获取宽高,AttachedToWindow ( ) 是还没执行的,那就说明一开始的时候 mAttachInfo 是为空值的,那么我们再看开头的第一段代码:

        public boolean post(Runnable action) {
            // mAttachInfo 为空
            final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
            if (attachInfo != null) {
                return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
            }
    
            // Postpone the runnable until we know on which thread it needs to run.
            // Assume that the runnable will be successfully placed after attach.
            getRunQueue().post(action);
            return true;
        }
    那么他就会执行: getRunQueue().post(action);
     public class HandlerActionQueue {
        private HandlerAction[] mActions;
        private int mCount;
    
    
        public void post(Runnable action) {
            postDelayed(action, 0);
        }
    
        public void postDelayed(Runnable action, long delayMillis) {
            final HandlerAction handlerAction = new HandlerAction(action, delayMillis);
    
            synchronized (this) {
                if (mActions == null) {
                    mActions = new HandlerAction[4];
                }
                mActions = GrowingArrayUtils.append(mActions, mCount, handlerAction);
                mCount++;
            }
        }
    

    我们post()传进来的 Runnable 会先经过 HandlerAction 包装一下,然后再缓存起来。HandlerActionQueue 是通过一个默认大小为4的数组保存这些 Runnable 操作的,如果数组不够时,就会通过 GrowingArrayUtils 来扩充数组。那么既然是被缓存起来的,那么他是什么时候执行呢?我又会发现 他执行的方法还是在 dispatchAttachedToWindow 里面:

    dispatchAttachedToWindow :
         //缓存不为空的是时候去执行 缓存的 action
            if (mRunQueue != null) {
                mRunQueue.executeActions(info.mHandler);
                mRunQueue = null;
            }
    
    executeActions:
        public void executeActions(Handler handler) {
            synchronized (this) {
                final HandlerAction[] actions = mActions;
                for (int i = 0, count = mCount; i < count; i++) {
                    final HandlerAction handlerAction = actions[i];
                    handler.postDelayed(handlerAction.action, handlerAction.delay);
                }
    
                mActions = null;
                mCount = 0;
            }
        }
    

    既然我们知道了 post()传进来的 Runnable 会在 dispatchAttachedToWindow 执行,结合我们上面的分析,我们就可以知道,post 的操作是要经过 ViewRootImpl 的 performTraversals(),而它的作用就是遍历整个View树,并且按照要求进行measure,layout和draw流程。但是仔细看看代码,我们会发现:

     private void performTraversals() {
            // cache mView since it is used so much below...
            final View host = mView;
      //判断是不是第一次
      if (mFirst) {
           .....
          //这里调用了 dispatchAttachedToWindow,明显是在 performMeasure 之前,
         //为什么在测量之前调用还能得到宽高呢?
           host.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, 0);
           mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnWindowAttachedChange(true);
           dispatchApplyInsets(host);
         //Log.i(mTag, "Screen on initialized: " + attachInfo.mKeepScreenOn);
          .....
    } 
       mFirst=false
        ...
      // Execute enqueued actions on every traversal in case a detached view enqueued an action
        getRunQueue().executeActions(mAttachInfo.mHandler);
        ...
        performMeasure();
        ...
        performLayout();
        ...
        performDraw();
        ...
    

    那么 为什么明明测量 performMeasure(); 的是在 dispatchAttachedToWindow 之后执行,但是我们却能得到测量后的宽高?请看下面的代码:

        final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
            @Override
            public void run() {
              // doTraversal 这里执行
                doTraversal();
            }
        }
        final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
    
    
        void doTraversal() {
            if (mTraversalScheduled) {
                mTraversalScheduled = false;
              //向Looper中移除了Barrier(监控器),同步的消息可以执行
                mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
    
                if (mProfile) {
                    Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
                }
                //performTraversals() 在这里被执行
                performTraversals();
    
                if (mProfile) {
                    Debug.stopMethodTracing();
                    mProfile = false;
                }
            }
        }
    
    mTraversalBarrier 是什么东东?

    为了让View能够有快速的布局和绘制,android中定义了一个Barrier的概念,当View在绘制和布局时会向Looper中添加了Barrier(监控器),这样后续的消息队列中的同步的消息将不会被执行,以免会影响到UI绘制,但是只有异步消息才能被执行。 所谓的异步消息也只是体现在这,添加了Barrier后,消息还可以继续被执行,不会被推迟运行。 如何使用异步消息,只有在创建Handler(构造方法的参数上标识是否异步消息)的时候或者在发送Message(Mesasge#setAsynchronous(true))时进行设置。而异步消息应用层是无法设置,因为相关设置的方法均是Hide的。

    那就是什么意思呢?
    首先,我们搞清楚 mTraversalScheduled 这个对象是在哪被赋值。

     void scheduleTraversals() {
            if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
               //这里
                mTraversalScheduled = true;
               //向Looper中添加了Barrier(监控器),这样后续的消息队列中的同步的消息将不会被执行,
               //以免会影响到UI绘制,但是只有异步消息才能被执行
               //设置同步障碍,确保mTraversalRunnable优先被执行
                mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
                //这里又调用了  mTraversalRunnable,执行异步
                mChoreographer.postCallback(
                        Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
                if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
                    scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
                }
                notifyRendererOfFramePending();
                pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
            }
        }
    
        void unscheduleTraversals() {
            if (mTraversalScheduled) {
               //这里
                mTraversalScheduled = false;
               //向Looper中移除了Barrier(监控器),同步的消息可以执行
                mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
            //这里又调用了  mTraversalRunnable。
                mChoreographer.removeCallbacks(
                        Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
            }
        }
    

    scheduleTraversals ( ) 方法是在 requestLayout( )被调用的, requestLayout( )是什么?额,这里就不解释了,不然又要写一大堆,哈哈。只要知道 第一次调用requestLayout( ) 就是引起整个 View 的绘制流程

     @Override
     public void requestLayout() {
         if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
           // 检查当前线程
             checkThread();
             mLayoutRequested = true;
            // 调用绘制
             scheduleTraversals();
    

    那么就是 scheduleTraversals( )——》TraversalRunnable ( )——》doTraversal( )——》performTraversals( ),而且 doTraversal ( )中向Looper中移除了Barrier(监控器),同步的消息可以执行,
    经查阅资料发现,跟Android系统的消息机制有关系(猜测更上面的同步机制有关),performTraversals会先执行dispatchAttachedToWindow,这个时候会将任务post到主线程的MessageQueue等待执行,然后performTraversals方法会继续执行,完全执行完后,Looper再去消费下一个Message,这个时候才有可能会拿到post的Runnable,因此Runnabel操作实际是在performMeasure操作后才执行的,宽高自然就取到了。

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