准备工作
-
从官网下载安装 VS Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/
-
VS Code 本身只是一个代码编辑器, 需要手动添加编译器、调试器
- 这里选择MSVC(cl, cdb)和MinGW(gcc/g++, gdb)
- MSVC可以通过VS安装器安装，MinGW从官网对应Host下载安装 MinGW: http://mingw-w64.org/doku.php/download(threads考虑跨平台选择posix标准)
- 安装完以后将MinGW和MSVC的目录的
bin文件夹添加到环境变量 Path 路径
( CMD 输入g++ -v和cl验证是否安装完成)
C++项目创建
- 手动创建一个工程目录, 例如
MyProjects, 用来存放代码 - 用VS Code打开该工程目录进行配置和coding
- 推荐用这种方式来创建一个工程,方便识别
- 在当前工程目录下创建一个
.vscode文件夹
共存两种编译方式
- 首先是创建编译任务配置文件
tasks.json和MSVC,MinGW文件夹,分别包含用cl和g++编译两个任务以及存放相关文件, 主要参数是args编译选项:
tasks.json
{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "shell",
"label": "cl.exe build",
"command": "cl.exe",
"args": [
//头文件路径
"/I'D:\\Programs\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.24.28314\\include'",
"/I'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\shared'",
"/I'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\ucrt'",
"/I'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\um'",
"${file}",
"/Zi", //生成调试信息
"/EHsc", //打开异常处理
"/Fo:${fileDirname}\\MSVC\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.obj", //目标文件
"/Fe:${fileDirname}\\MSVC\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", //可执行文件
"/link", //链接标志
//库文件路径
"/libpath:'D:\\Programs\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.24.28314\\lib\\x64'",
"/libpath:'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Lib\\10.0.18362.0\\ucrt\\x64'",
"/libpath:'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Lib\\10.0.18362.0\\um\\x64'"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"presentation": {
"reveal": "always"
},
"problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
},
{
"type": "shell",
"label": "g++.exe build",
"command": "g++.exe",
"args": [
"-g",
"${file}",
"-o",
"${fileDirname}\\MinGW\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
//头文件路径
"-I D:\\Programs\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.24.28314\\include",
"-I C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\shared",
"-I C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\winrt",
"-I C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\um",
//库文件路径
"-L D:\\Programs\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.24.28314\\lib\\x64",
"-L C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Lib\\10.0.18362.0\\ucrt\\x64",
"-L C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Lib\\10.0.18362.0\\um\\x64"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "D:\\Programs\\mingw-w64\\x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\\mingw64\\bin"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
]
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}
- 创建完成以后可以先单独测试编译, 置前当前需要编译的源文件(这个即为
${file}), 然后点击Terminal => Run Task,按照标签分别测试两个compiler:
build.PNG
- 编译没问题以后,下面就是配置启动和Debugger, 在
.vscode中创建一个名为launch.json的文件, 主要是通过type来指定debugger和preLaunchTask将之前的两个编译tasks作为前置任务先执行(注意这里可以将externalConsole设置为false来创建一个console的子进程避免打开额外的进程窗口):
launch.json
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
//cdb
{
"name": "cl.exe build and debug",
"type": "cppvsdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "MSVC\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false, //子进程console
"preLaunchTask": "cl.exe build",
"logging": {
"moduleLoad": false
},
},
//gdb
{
"name": "g++.exe build and debug active file",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${fileDirname}\\MinGW\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"miDebuggerPath": "gdb.exe",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "g++.exe build"
}
]
}
- 启动方法是选中锚点文件
${file}, 例如这里的test.cpp, 点击左侧的Run图标,然后在左上角选择相应name的runner,cdb可以在下方的debug console查看信息,gdb直接在terminal查看:
runner.png
(后记:对于多源文件和方便性可以使用CMake,本文可以帮助复习一下编译工具相关的知识)
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