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第一周笔记

第一周笔记

作者: klaaay | 来源:发表于2018-03-10 19:47 被阅读0次

    数据记载的发展历程
    hand-writing -> file写入 -> Datebase(数据库)

    The disadvantage of file-writing

    • Data redundancy and inconsistency(数据的冗余和不协调)
      冗余:同样的数据存了多份
    • Difficulty in accessing data
    • Data isolation
    • Integrity problem(数据完整性问题)
    • Atomic of update
    • Concurrent(并行) access by multiple users
    • Security problems

    Data Abstraction

    物理层(physical-level)—逻辑层(logical-level)—视图层(view-level)
    最底层为物理层,其上是逻辑层,最上面是视图层,视图层存在多个。

    Instance and Schema(模式) in database JUST LIKE Instance and Class in C++

    Data Models

    Data
    Data relationships(同表数据、不同表、表与程序)
    Data semantics(语义)
    Data constrains(约束)

    数据:增、删、改、查
    DDL(data-definition-language 数据定义语言) & DML(data-manipulation-language 数据操作语言)

    定义的完整性

    1 Domain-Constraint(范围约束)
    2 Referential-Integrity(指意完整)
    3 Assertion(断言)
    4 Authorization(授权)

    SQL

    Language(过程式(C) and 申明式(SQL))

    • SQL is the most widely used commercial language
    • SQL is not a Turing machine equivalent language(非图灵机语言)
    • To be able to compute complex functions SQL is usually embedded in some higher-level language

    Database Design

    Logical Design
    • business design
    • computer-science design
    Physical Design

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