前言
这是我第一眼看到该问题时想到的解决方式之一,不知道可不可行,如果大家有什么看法可以探讨探讨。
问题描述
有五个哲学家,他们的生活方式是交替地进行思考和进餐,n哲学家们共用一张圆桌,分别坐在周围的五张椅子上,在圆桌上有五个碗和五支筷子,n平时哲学家进行思考,饥饿时便试图取其左、右最靠近他的筷子,只有在他拿到两支筷子时才能进餐,n进餐完毕,放下筷子又继续思考。
约束条件
(1)只有拿到两只筷子时,哲学家才能吃饭。
(2)如果筷子已被别人拿走,则必须等别人吃完之后才能拿到筷子。
(3)任一哲学家在自己未拿到两只筷子吃饭前,不会放下手中拿到的筷子。
产生的问题
5个哲学家同时获取筷子,那么就会产生死锁。
思考
如果死锁是由于5个哲学家同时拿左手(或右手)边的筷子导致死锁的话,那为什么不改变其中一个哲学家的取筷子顺序呢,毕竟题目约束条件没说必须每个哲学家都得先拿左手(或右手)。
所以我觉得可以改变其中一个哲学家的取筷子顺序来解开死锁问题。
例如:改变第一个哲学家的取筷子顺序,让他先拿右手的筷子,其他四个哲学家都是先拿左手的筷子。这样总会有最后一个筷子空余着防止死锁产生。
java实现方法
- 五个哲学家相当于五个线程
- 五双筷子由一个仓库管理
五双筷子管理实现
五双筷子从编号1开始(没从0开始别喷我。。。)。
package DinningPhilosophers;
import java.util.LinkedList;
/**
* Created by maxi on 2017/11/8.
*/
public class DinningTool {
private LinkedList<Integer> linkedList = new LinkedList<>();
public DinningTool() {
linkedList.add(1);
linkedList.add(2);
linkedList.add(3);
linkedList.add(4);
linkedList.add(5);
}
//拿走 remove
public void pickUp(Integer e) {
synchronized (linkedList) {
try {
while (!linkedList.contains(e))
linkedList.wait();
linkedList.remove(e);
linkedList.notifyAll();
} catch (Exception e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//放下 add
public void dropDown(Integer e) {
synchronized (linkedList) {
try {
linkedList.add(e);
linkedList.notifyAll();
} catch (Exception e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
五个哲学家实现
五个线程,其中一个线程先取右边的筷子,其他四个线程都先取左边的筷子。
例如:
哲学家编号 | 筷子编号(按先后顺序) |
---|---|
1 | 1(右筷子),5(左筷子) |
2 | 1(左),2(右) |
3 | 2(左),3(右) |
4 | 3(左),4(右) |
5 | 4(左),5(右) |
public static void main(String[] args) {
DinningTool dinningTool = new DinningTool();
//哲学家1
Thread one = new Thread(() -> {
int num = 0;
while (true) {
try {
dinningTool.pickUp(1);
// System.out.println("one start to pickup 1 right!");
dinningTool.pickUp(5);
// System.out.println("one start to pickup 5 left!");
// System.out.println("one start to eat!");
Thread.sleep(300);
dinningTool.dropDown(1);
// System.out.println("one start to dropdown 1 right!");
dinningTool.dropDown(5);
// System.out.println("one start to dropdown 5 left!");
// System.out.println("one start to think!");
Thread.sleep(500);
num++;
System.out.println("one recycle ====================================" + num);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//哲学家2
Thread two = new Thread(() -> {
int num = 0;
while (true) {
try {
dinningTool.pickUp(1);
// System.out.println("two start to pickup 1 left!");
dinningTool.pickUp(2);
// System.out.println("two start to pickup 2 right!");
// System.out.println("two start to eat!");
Thread.sleep(300);
dinningTool.dropDown(1);
// System.out.println("two start to dropdown 1 left!");
dinningTool.dropDown(2);
// System.out.println("two start to dropdown 2 right!");
// System.out.println("two start to think!");
Thread.sleep(500);
num++;
System.out.println("two recycle ====================================" + num);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//哲学家3
Thread three = new Thread(() -> {
int num = 0;
while (true) {
try {
dinningTool.pickUp(2);
// System.out.println("three start to pickup 2 left!");
dinningTool.pickUp(3);
// System.out.println("three start to pickup 3 right!");
// System.out.println("three start to eat!");
Thread.sleep(300);
dinningTool.dropDown(2);
// System.out.println("three start to dropdown 2 left!");
dinningTool.dropDown(3);
// System.out.println("three start to dropdown 3 right!");
// System.out.println("three start to think!");
Thread.sleep(500);
num++;
System.out.println("three recycle ====================================" + num);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//哲学家4
Thread four = new Thread(() -> {
int num = 0;
while (true) {
try {
dinningTool.pickUp(3);
// System.out.println("four start to pickup 3 left!");
dinningTool.pickUp(4);
// System.out.println("four start to pickup 4 right!");
// System.out.println("four start to eat!");
Thread.sleep(300);
dinningTool.dropDown(3);
// System.out.println("four start to dropdown 3 left!");
dinningTool.dropDown(4);
// System.out.println("four start to dropdown 4 right!");
// System.out.println("four start to think!");
Thread.sleep(500);
num++;
System.out.println("four recycle ====================================" + num);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//哲学家5
Thread five = new Thread(() -> {
int num = 0;
while (true) {
try {
dinningTool.pickUp(4);
// System.out.println("five start to pickup 4 left!");
dinningTool.pickUp(5);
// System.out.println("five start to pickup 5 right!");
// System.out.println("five start to eat!");
Thread.sleep(300);
dinningTool.dropDown(4);
// System.out.println("five start to dropdown 4 left!");
dinningTool.dropDown(5);
// System.out.println("five start to dropdown 5 right!");
// System.out.println("five start to think!");
Thread.sleep(500);
num++;
System.out.println("five recycle ====================================" + num);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
one.start();
two.start();
three.start();
four.start();
five.start();
}
结束
有啥问题一定要跟我说啊!:)
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