1.你认为微笑曲线还有现实意义吗？为什么？互联网环境下会产生哪些改变？
我认为微笑曲线还有现实意义，微笑嘴型的一条曲线,两端朝上，在产业链中，附加值更多体现在两端，微笑曲线理论设计和销售，处于中间环节的制造附加值最低。微笑曲线中间是制造;左边是研发，属于全球性的竞争;右边是营销，主要是当地性的竞争。当前制造产生的利润低，全球制造也已供过于求，但是研发与营销的附加价值高，因此产业未来应朝微笑曲线的两端发展，也就是在左边加强研展创造智慧财产权，在右边加强客户导向的营销与服务。如下图所示:微笑曲线有两个要点, 第一个是可以找出附加价值在哪里, 第二个是关于竞争的型态。
制造业传统意义上的价值创造和分配模式正在发生转变，借助互联网平台，企业、客户及利益相关方纷纷参与到价值创造、价值传递及价值实现等生产制造的各个环节。因为 “互联网+工业”不仅仅是“信息共享”，还将广泛开展“物理共享”，从而形成新的价值创造和分享模式，开创全新的共享经济，带动大众创业和万众创新
2.阅读一篇以上Industrial Chain相关英文文章，要求用英文摘录文章主旨，并列出关键单词等，还须附上文章链接.
链接：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X17301729
The Global Value Chains (GVC) literature intervenes in today’s challenging development context by focusing on the means by which developing-country industries can ‘upgrade’ their market positions and outcomes for workers. Yet while this literature has produced hundreds of rich empirical case studies, there has to date been no attempt to systematically analyze this case literature for lessons regarding the antecedents and consequences of the key outcome of upgrading. This paper undertakes a systematic analysis of a representative sample of 45 case studies of primary product and light manufacturing industries in developing countries. These studies were coded for factors involved in initiating and sustaining upgrading processes, the results of upgrading, and the role of local institutions in these processes. We find that contrary to the major assumptions of the literature, advanced-country buyers are not the main force in the initiation of industrial upgrading. Rather, in most cases, developing-country firms initiate upgrades when pushed by “shocks” of market vulnerability, usually produced by state policies, that force them to seek to change their status quo operations. Once initiated, upgrading processes can produce a wide spectrum of results—from little to no advancement in market position (‘treadmilling’) to vaulting to the forefront of a global industry (‘leaps forward’)—on the basis of the sources of learning present in the local institutional environment, such as state agencies and business associations. We also identify conditions under which state participation in upgrading processes can lead to increased local institutional capacity. Together, these findings suggest a framework for upgrading that we refer to as an ‘induced search’ model. This model has important implications for future research on the dynamics of industrial upgrading in developing countries, techniques of state intervention, and processes of mutually supportive learning between actors in the public and private sector.
升级流程 The upgrade process
诱导搜索 Induction of search
技术研究 Technical research
一，厂家直销或减少中间商的做法在互联网上非常流行，与此同时，你认为会带来哪些新问题？该如何解决。
1，我国厂家直销呈现出的点多分散特征，不利于我国经济朝集团化、规模化以及国际化方向发展。目前除大型生产企业直销外，一大批中小生产工具企业也纷纷挂出厂家直销的牌子，竞相设立直销机构。
2，厂家直销没有更好地体现部门分工优势。当前不少生产企业不管工商分工带来的巨大潜在利益，一味追求直销，结果偏离了社会资源优化配置原则的要求。
3，厂家直销影响我国交易关系的有序性，尤其是工商关系的稳定性。在激烈的市场竞争中，不少生产企业往往会因某些经济条件的变化而改变对直销的态度和做法。例如，当产品供不应求时，企业非常愿意开展直销活动，其原因是通过囤货直销，可以垄断货源，获取较高的垄断利润，而此时必然要减少甚至中断对经销商的供货；而当产品供大于求时，企业则希望经销商多进货、多推销其产品，以发挥“蓄水池”的作用，这时，经销商又因该产品市场销路狭窄而不愿意进货。因此，工商关系的不稳定性也就随之产生。
生产企业应不应该搞直销牵这一问题随着我国厂家直销的发展逐步形成了两种截然不同的看法：
一种是主张生产企业实现产供销一体化，即生产企业既抓生产，也进行产品销售；
另一种则主张社会化大流通，即流通主要由流通专业部门(经销商)来进行，这样有利于提高社会分工的综合效益。我更倾向于这种看法，经销商在产品市场运作中的作用不但不会减弱，应该更加重要。
二，.通过网上资料介绍红领集团或必要商城在供应链管理上的创新有哪些？
百卓帮助企业建立线上电子采购平台，使其可以在平台发布询价、订购、竞价、招投标等信息，加速了采购过程中采购商与供应商之间协同的效率、采购上下游信息的传递效率，真正实现了供应链中信息流、资金流的高效流转；依托于数百万的优质供应商资源，依据系统算法、人工匹配和全网推广，提高企业采购寻源的准确度、广度和速度；百卓还升级上线了针对企业采购环节的高级会员服务——百购通，提供采购协同平台、供应商寻源服务、自营工业品商城、供应链金融服务及培训咨询、代理采购等一系列增值服务，让传统采购变得简单化、数据化、透明化、高效化。
目前，百卓通过“互联网+采购”模式，已帮助国内近30万家企业在采购环节实现了降本增效，为企业发展提供了新动力。返回光明网首页
3.阅读一篇以上supply chain 相关英文文章，要求用英文摘录文章主旨，并列出关键单词，附上文章链接。
链接：http://cerasis.com/2015/12/18/supply-chain-articles/
Data entry errors are greatly reduced due to computer to computer communications. The speed of the processing is also improved.
Both parties are interested in giving better service levels to the end customer. Having the correct item in stock when the end customer needs it, benefits all parties involved.
A true partnership is formed between the Manufacturer and the Distributor. They work closer together and strengthen their ties. This benefits of a stronger partnership goes beyond VMI.
Stabilize the timing of Purchase Orders - PO's are now generated on a predefined basis. Example: A once/twice Weekly purchase order cycle.
a predefined basis 一个预定义的基础
Purchase Orders 采购订单
stronger partnership 强大的合作伙伴关系
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