1. 可靠同步发送

同步发送是指消息发送方发出数据后，会在收到接收方发回响应之后才发下一个数据包的通讯方式。

调用DefaultMQProducer的send方法

public class SyncProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //Instantiate with a producer group name.
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new
                DefaultMQProducer("example_group_name");
        //Launch the instance.
        producer.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            //Create a message instance, specifying topic, tag and message body.
            Message msg = new Message("TopicTest" ,
                    "TagA" ,
                    ("Hello RocketMQ " +
                            i).getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)
                    /* Message body */
            );
            //Call send message to deliver message to one of brokers.
            SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg);
            System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult);
        }
        //Shut down once the producer instance is not longer in use.
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}

2. 可靠异步发送

异步发送是指发送方发出数据后，不等接收方发回响应，接着发送下个数据包的通讯方式。 MQ 的异步发送，需要用户实现异步发送回调接口（SendCallback）。消息发送方在发送了一条消息后，不需要等待服务器响应即可返回，进行第二条消息发送。发送方通过回调接口接收服务器响应，并对响应结果进行处理。

public class AsyncProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //Instantiate with a producer group name.
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("example_group_name");
        //Launch the instance.
        producer.start();
        producer.setRetryTimesWhenSendAsyncFailed(0);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            //Create a message instance, specifying topic, tag and message body.
            Message msg = new Message("TopicTest",
                    "TagA",
                    "OrderID188",
                    "Hello world".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET));
            producer.send(msg, new SendCallback() {

                public void onSuccess(SendResult sendResult) {
                    System.out.printf("%-10d OK %s %n", index,
                            sendResult.getMsgId());
                }

                public void onException(Throwable e) {
                    System.out.printf("%-10d Exception %s %n", index, e);
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
        //Shut down once the producer instance is not longer in use.
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}

3. 单向（Oneway）发送

单向（Oneway）发送特点为发送方只负责发送消息，不等待服务器回应且没有回调函数触发，即只发送请求不等待应答。 此方式发送消息的过程耗时非常短，一般在微秒级别。

调用DefaultMQProducer的sendOneway方法

public class OnewayProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //Instantiate with a producer group name.
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("example_group_name");
        //Launch the instance.
        producer.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            //Create a message instance, specifying topic, tag and message body.
            Message msg = new Message("TopicTest" /* Topic */,
                    "TagA" /* Tag */,
                    ("Hello RocketMQ " +
                            i).getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET) /* Message body */
            );
            //Call send message to deliver message to one of brokers.
            producer.sendOneway(msg);

        }
        //Shut down once the producer instance is not longer in use.
        producer.shutdown();
    }
}

4.比较特点

参考:
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/29547.html