作者 黄鑫 译者 肖隆园
Embracing Each Other in a Meeting with Works Writing Psychotherapy Group
Author Huang Xin Translator Lona
注：本文系中国写作治疗创始人黄鑫专著《用写作重建自我》第四章中英双语内容。作者黄鑫在书本内容的基础上，增加了详细的作品疗遇小组工作流程和指南，以利于没有机缘参加写作治疗小组的海内外朋友，自助组织写作小组，实现作家梦，且心理疗愈。经作者授权发表。
作品疗遇小组
Meeting with Works Writing Psychotherapy Group (MWWPG)
作品疗遇小组是将原创文本与心理团体1相结合的心理成长小组。小组以成员的非虚构原创作品为依托, 作者朗读作品，通过其他成员对作品不评判不建议的镜映式回应，以及针对情绪刺点2的共情式写作，增强作者与自我的关系，学会更好地理解他人，提高写作表达能力与审美力，提升自尊与自我价值，是重建自我的容器，培养作家的摇篮(文后附详细小组工作流程)。作品疗遇小组是我个人开创的“中国写作治疗体系”3中最为璀璨的明珠之一。
A Meeting with Works Writing Psychotherapy Group(MWWPG) is a psychological growth group of my creation by integrating my writing therapy model with practices of group psychotherapy 1 based on the group members’ non-fiction original works. The authors read their works aloud to the group, other members respond to the work with mirroring and empathetic writing through their emotional “punctums”2 respectively(a detailed MWWPG working procedure is attached in the appendix). It serves as a space for self-reconstruction to help to increase each members’ self-esteem and self-value by deepening the authors’ relationship with themselves and understanding of others. It also functions as a cradle for cultivating writers by improving their ability of writing and aesthetics. MWWPG is one of the brightest pearls in my “Chinese Writing Psychotherapy Model”3 .
人是群居动物，离不开团体，写作治疗是个人自我疗愈和写作成长团体的组合1。平时你一个人自我分析，把治疗师和来访者的角色一身担。而加入作品疗愈小组后，比如一周一次，你与小组定期会面，在有导师带领的团体中，与伙伴互相支持，起到1+1˃2的效果。我从2015年开始在中国带领作品疗遇小组至今，下面是学员袁袁在参加写作治疗作品疗遇小组后的感言。
People are social animals and therefore desirous for companions. I believe that a combination of individual self-healing and group-growth is the best form of Writing Psychotherapy. On a daily basis, participants do free-form writing and take both roles of a client and a therapist by self-analyzing what have been written down. Then from time to time, they join a MWWPG on a regular base, say once a week, meeting with peers in a group led by a therapist. In this way they can harvest an effect of 1+1˃2 by supporting each other as a group. I have been leading MWWPGs in China since 2015. The following are Yuan Yuan’s comments written after her completion of such a group.
越长大越害怕孤单，每周二的相聚，好像很稀松平常，但不知不觉好像已经习惯并开始期待。
期待课堂上能静下来去听自己内心的想法。
期待课堂中能通过对话了解到另一个生命的故事。
期待课堂后，这些一直在身边的人真的离自己又近了一些。
逝去的时间让我们成为了现在的自己，消耗的光阴让这个团队成为了这样的团队。
很幸运，因为遇见黄鑫，她引导我遇见我自己，找到疗愈自己的通道，看清活着的自己有卑微、有迷茫也有努力、有想法。
很幸运，因为遇见了这个团队，遇见了这里的每一个人，这些熟悉又陌生的伙伴，现在在我想起来的时候，都是鲜活而立体的，没有伪装，但也不能完全看透。人，怎么可能被看透呢？只要彼此是熟悉的，是信任的，是曾一起互疗的，就是一份小确幸啊。
The older I grow up, the more I am afraid of loneliness. The meeting on every Tuesday seemed to be very uneventful, yet I started to look forward to it without knowing why.
I Looked forward to being able to calm down in class and listen to my own thoughts deep in my heart.
I looked forward to learning other people’s life stories through conversations in the workshop.
I Looked forward to the sense of closeness I felt about my classmates after the session was finished.
The hours we shared have made us who we are, and the time we spent together has made our group what it is.
I feel fortunate for meeting Huang Xin. Trough her guidance, I understand myself better and find ways of healing myself. I know clearly now that I am a person with deep thoughts, who is humble, sometimes confused, and hardworking.
I feel lucky for meeting everyone in the group. They are familiar yet unfamiliar to me. When I think of them, they are all vivid and three-dimensional without disguise in my mind, but I can’t see them through. How can people be seen through? Well, we were accustomed to each other, trusted each other, and have healed ourselves together. That is a bless enough for sure.
作品疗遇小组是私密安全的“容器”，为你提供展示作品的空间，也分享情感的伤痕，通过同伴镜子一样真诚的回应，共情而非评判地帮助你从不同角度了解自己，看到更多自我的面相，也知悉他人生活的困境，从人性的连接中获得相遇与治疗，从而激发更大的写作热情。
不是所有的写作班都是作品疗遇小组。
A MWWPG works as a private and safe “container”. It not only provides the participants with a space to present their work, but also enables them to share their emotional scars. Group members mirror the authors through responding to their works with sincerity, writing their empathies without judgments and expressing them to the authors . In this way, the authors find it helpful to discover more about themselves from different perspectives offered by their peers. At the same time, they could have the opportunities to know more about other people’s sufferings. These interactions create connections of meeting each other at the level of humanity ensuing mutual healings, and stimulate the participants with a greater enthusiasm for writing. I would like to stress hereby that not all writing groups are MWWPGs.
你决定参加一个写作班，满怀期待（比如：对抗孤独，自我探索，想写得更好，获得响应，结识老师得到权威鼓励，找些伙伴分享低落情绪），但是如果带领者引导不当，你很可能会感觉更加孤独，对自我的认知凌乱模糊，写得更糟甚至写作中断，得到一堆批评意见，对你写作创意的嘲讽，最糟糕的连你的自信心都连根拔起，于是你退缩回自我的世界，不愿再向人敞开心扉，展示作品，对于公开发表作品显得“一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳”般心有余悸。
When taking part in a writing class, one normally has a variety of expectations in mind, such as fighting loneliness, exploring oneself, to become a better writer, getting feedbacks, meeting a teacher for authoritative encouragement, finding some partners to share emotional up and downs etc. However, if appropriate guidance is not offered to the class by the teacher, what you receive are more likely to be a bunch of criticism and mockeries about your work. You end up feeling even more isolated and confused about yourself. As a result, you find yourself a worse writer, and may stop writing because of this. Worst of all, your self-confidence might be uprooted during the process. At the end, you back off and return to your own world with no willingness to open your heart and show your works to others anymore. “ Once bitten, twice shy. ” You have a kind of lingering fears in your heart when thinking of publishing your works.
回想我上作家班的情形。南京大学派出了全国最顶尖的教授师资，我的老师在古代汉语、现代文学以及文艺评论方面，都是国内响当当的专家。但是这么优越的环境，并没有教会我该怎么写作。我们的课堂通常有两种情况。一种是老师拿出一部名家作品，为我们解析其精妙，“这里写得怎么好，那里运笔如何妙……”老师的丰富学养加上名家名著，课上得实在精彩，我听得津津有味，可惜听完课回去自己写，一个字也写不出。我的写作能力不仅没有提升，反而被压抑。心中有了高妙的名著示范，我连自己配不配写作都产生了怀疑。所以这种课程本质上不是写作课，而是作品赏析课，可以增强我的文学鉴赏能力，但是无情碾压了一个人在写作道路上最重要的东西——自信心。
Thinking back to my own experiences in the writing classes in Nanjing University, my teachers were all top professors in China. They were leading experts in the field of Ancient Chinese, Modern Literature, and Literary Criticism in the country at the time. However, given such an academic privilege, I do not think that I learned how to write. There were two typical situations in our classes. One was that the teacher took out a famous work and analyzed its significance for us: “How good is the writing here, and how wonderful is the wording there...” Thanks to the teachers’ rich learning and the famous masterpieces, the classes were really fantastic. I enjoyed them with relish. The pity is that I couldn’t write a single word myself after. My writing ability was not improved but suppressed. With the high standards of the masterpieces in my mind for me to reach, I even doubted whether I was worthy of writing. Therefore, this kind of course is not a writing class in essence, but a literature appreciation course, which can improve my ability in appreciating literature, but ruthlessly crushes the most important thing in a person’s writing journey , self-confidence.
另一种情况，是老师让我们把自己写的文字拿过来，老师点评或是同学互评。这样的课堂，真像车祸现场啊！在老师眼里，我们的作品统统不入流，在同学那里，则恨不得被撕成碎片。现在我从心理学的视角来看，他们是不懂得倾听和共情，充斥着评判与指责，这些表现与人品好坏无关，是一个人自我内在的严苛超我向外在的投射。然而，评判并不能真正帮助人写作成长，只有倾听和共情，才能帮助作者增长写作能力。
The other most frequently happened situation was that the teachers asked us to bring over our works. Then the teacher would give comments or we had peer assessments. Such a class was like experiencing a car crush, as all our works were looked down by our teacher as if they were trash, and the students couldn’t wait to tear them into shreds. Seeing the above situation from a psychological point of view now, without careful listening and empathy the classes were full of judgment and criticism, which was a projection of a person’s inner harsh superego to others. Even though this kind of projection has nothing to do with a person’s characters, judgment does not really help people to upgrade their writing skills. I believe that only listening and empathy can help authors to increase their writing abilities.
刘勰在《文心雕龙》4中说“缀文者情动而辞发，观文者披文以入情。”意思是作家创作，总是由内而外，先有客观现实的感发而产生内在的情态，这种情态通过辞章表达出来，阅读文章的人通过文辞来了解作者所要表达的感情。作者由内向外，读者由外向内，作者读者的心灵，相遇在共通的情感上。这是我引入写作治疗的第四个工具“作品疗遇”的根据。写作治疗并不仅仅关注写作的过程，而且非常重视写作的结果即完整的作品，重视作品的分享。
In his Chinese literary criticism classic of “ Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind” , Liu Xie wrote “ An author writes when emotionally stirred. A critic enters into the author’s feeling by reading the work.” 4 To express it in a figurative way, an author flows his/her feelings inside out in the manner of texts. A reader, as an outsider, gets into an author’s inner feelings through the stream of texts. Their hearts resonate on the same feeling they felt. So besides the processes of writing itself, the sharing and appreciation of the finished works are also important when it comes to writing psychotherapy. This inspired me to develop the tool of MWWPG, which is one of the four basic tools in my writing psychotherapy model.
我创制作品疗遇小组这种模式，深层的思维要点在于：
1、写作治疗的核心在抒情；
2、“真·诚”是写作与治疗的首要条件；
3、最大的写作技巧是“共情”；
4、对作品共情而非评判的态度是作家成长的关键；
5、完成的作品与创作的过程同等重要 。
A MWWPG is developed on the basis of the following assumptions:
1. The core of writing therapy lies in expressing feelings ;
2. Truthfulness and sincerity provide the primary condition for writing psychotherapy;
3. Empathy is the most crucial writing skill.
4. An attitude of empathy rather than judgment towards their works plays a key role in helping the growth of writers;
5. The finished work is as important as the writing process.
作品与过程并重
The finished work is as important as the writing process
无论身为一个作家还是一个心理咨询师，我都很难想象一个人进行了成功的写作治疗，但是没有写出完整的作品。这是因为:
Either from a writer’s or a psychiatrist’s point of view, it’s incredibly hard for me to imagine someone who has accomplished a successful writing psychotherapy without a finished work. There are at least five reasons for this:
一、完形。格式塔心理学认为，人的心理意识活动都是先验的“完形”，即“具有内在规律的完整的历程”，人所知觉的外界事物和运动都是完形的作用。一个作品的写作一旦开启，就有一种天然要完成它的趋势，如果没有完成，像是一栋“烂尾楼”，对作者而言是一个夭折的“孩子”，造成“未完成”的心理创伤。根据心理意识活动的“完形”特征，一部作品需要被完形。
a. Law of Closure. According to the theory of Gestalt psychology5, people’s psychological and conscious activities are of transcendental nature following the gestalt law of organization, which is a completed process with internal laws. Among them, the perceived external objects and movements comply with the law of closure. Once authors start to write a work, they has a natural psychological tendency to complete it. If the work is unfinished, it is like an “unfinished building”, or a “child” died prematurely to the author. This results in a psychological trauma of the “unfinished”. Therefore, based on the gestalt law of psychological and conscious activities, a work needs to be finished.
二、以共情替代评判。一提到作品，你马上想到对作品高低好坏的评价，和各种评判的标准。正是这些评判和评价，在作者创作的过程中起到伤害创造力的作用，对作者鲜有积极的帮助。所以，从促进作者酣畅淋漓表达自我的角度来说，随心所欲地写才是最重要的，而别管最后写成什么样子的作品。在写作治疗初级阶段，我持有这个立场。然而，伴随着写作治疗的深入，你一旦开始写，自然有渴望，想写出成型的作品。这个时候你把写出完整的作品作为目标，是进入写作治疗中级阶段的标志。
b. Empathizing instead of judging. As soon as a work is mentioned, the first thing coming to our minds is probably the judgment for the work, good or bad, as well as various judging criteria. The impacts of this kind of judgment and criticism are damaging rather than helpful to authors’ creativity for their writing. Therefore, during the initial stages of writing psychotherapy, I believe that free self-expression should be encouraged. You write whatever you like without thinking what kind of work you end up with. However, along with the progress of the writing psychotherapy, the desire for writing a good piece of work arises quite naturally once you start writing. At this stage, your goal of writing a finished work is a sign of entering the intermediate level of writing psycho therapy.
写作治疗重视作品，以对作品的共情镜映，替代评判建议。这是产生效果的关键。共情是站在对方的位置，体会对方的情感，这是精神分析治疗的重要方法，运用到写作治疗中，给予作者极大的滋养，提升作者的自信心，让作者感受到被尊重、理解、包容，有了人与人心灵相通的支持，激发出更强烈的创作热情。在作品疗遇小组中，成员被要求不评判，只对作品共情。
The key to produce positive effects in writing psychotherapy is to value the author’s work by mirroring feelings and empathizing with the work. Empathy is to put your feet in others shoes and try to feel their feelings. It is widely used in the field of psychoanalytic therapy. When applied to writing psychotherapy, it provides great nurture to the author, enhances the author’s self-confidence, and makes the author feel respected, understood and embraced. This helps to create wonderful connections among group members stimulating a strong enthusiasm for writing. In a MWWPG, members are asked not to judge, but only to empathize with the work.
三、修改。完整的写作过程包括酝酿、书写、修改和完成四部分。修改是写作的重要组成部分。可以说作品不仅是写出来的，更是改出来的。修改的过程，帮助你一层一层地剥开记忆，接近真我，是自我澄清的过程。你完成了修改，即是完整了作品。
c. Revision. The writing process consists of four parts: conceiving, writing, revising and finalizing. Revision is an important part of writing. It can be said the it is after numerous revisions that a draft becomes a work. The process of revisions helps you to peel off memories layer by layer and get closer to your true self. It is a process of self-clarification. When one completes the process of revisions, they finish the work.
四、大多数写作的障碍，不是技巧的障碍，而是心理的障碍。完成作品的过程，是跨越障碍，降服心魔的过程。
d. Overcoming obstacles. Most of the writing barriers are not technical, but psychological. The process of completing a work is a process of overcoming your psychological obstacles and subduing psychological demons in your writing path.
五、实现社会性。写作是孤独的，作者在自我的世界里沉浸，很容易过度个体性而缺乏公共性。作品提供了作者与世界连接的通道，作者发表作品，借由作品的传播，把自己由孤立的状态带入公共的人类世界，获得公共性，体验到自身存在的实在感、归属感和价值感。
e. Achieving sociality. Writing is a lonely process in which a writer is immersed in their own world quite often resulting in isolation and lacking of sociality. However, an author’s work provides a channel for them to connect with the world after it is published. The dissemination of the work brings an author from the isolated state into the public domain of humanity. This enable an writer to obtain publicity, as well as experiencing a sense of reality, belonging and value of their own existence .
写作最大的技巧是共情
Empathy is the most crucial writing skill
你千万不要见了“技巧”两个字，就觉得高不可攀，似乎是一长串的形容词，一些华丽的辞藻，一些古怪生僻的字眼，一些拗口的句子。然后，你觉得自己很低能，无法创造出那些东西，于是害羞地说：“我不懂写作的技巧。”很多找我学习的人，起初都以为自己要来学习的写作技巧是这些表面上如何遣词造句，能够掌握更多华美的辞藻等。
Please do not see the phrase “ writing skill” as something lofty and unattainable, and relate it to a long list of adjectives, gorgeous rhetoric, rare and stunning words, or some difficult sentences. This concept can only make you feel incompetent to fulfill those things and ashamed of yourself by saying “I don’t know the skills of writing.” A lot of people who come to my courses think of it that way at the beginning. They think what they are going to learn are the superficial writing skills such as how to choose words and make sentences, and master more magnificent phrases and so on.
其实，写作的技巧只在写作中。你可能一发表，就是高质量的作品，但绝不可能一写，就写出高质量的作品。掌握写作技巧需要你首先放弃走捷径的想法，只有在不断写的过程中锻炼、体会、掌握，最后，创造出你的写作技巧。
In fact, the skills of writing can only be obtained through writing practices. It is possible that your first published work is of high-quality, but you can never write a high-quality work straight away as soon as you start writing .When it comes to master writing skills, the first thing that you need to do is to give up the idea of taking shortcuts. You can only practice, experience, and master writing skills in the process of continuous writing, and ultimately create your own unique writing skills .
写作技巧是活的，你不能把技巧理解为“公式”，以为是一些可以储存的攻略，先收起来，等想写的时候拿出来照搬，就能妙笔生花？我可以负责任地告诉你，那样绝无可能。当然，所谓写作的“技巧”，也被世人过于夸大了。世上有大把的人，不能把自己心中所想讲明白，所以你只要能把自己想表达的意思用语言表达清楚，就已经拥有了写作的技巧。
Writing skills are contextual and flexible. You can not take them as “formulas” or strategy kits that can be stored in your mind, and you use them right away to produce wonderful writing when it comes to writing. I can tell your with responsibility that it is impossible. I believe that the so-called “writing skills” are also over emphasized. For most people in the world, it is hard for them to write what they think in a clear way. So if you can put down what you want to express in words with clarity, you already have the skills of writing.
一个人的写作能力，其实分为写的能力和改的能力。这两种能力相对应的写作技巧，也分为写的技巧和改的技巧。如何遣词造句等，都是改的技巧，而如何写出初稿，并持续写出文字，是写的技巧。没写出来何谈修改？所以首要的写作技巧，是帮你克服心理障碍，让你持续写出文字的方法。
A person’s writing ability can be divided into the ability to write and the ability to revise. The writing skills corresponding to these two abilities are writing skills and revision skills. How to choose words and make sentences, etc., are revision skills, and how to write the first draft and continue to write requires the so called writing skills. How can you revise a work without writing it? So first and foremost writing skills are methods to help you overcome your psychological barriers and keep you writing.
写作治疗的核心是抒情，写作是“为情而造文”，作品疗遇是“情动而辞发，披文以入情。”所以情感在写作治疗中居于核心地位。因而，共情被我认为是最高级的写作技巧。共情他人让你与他人的情感相接，写出感同身受的文字，共情自我让你触摸到自我真实的感受，与自我的情感建立连接。一旦与自身的情感相遇，重新拥抱被隔离在昏暗中的自我，富有生命力的文字自然会蓬勃而出。
The core of writing psychotherapy is expressing feelings. Writings are used to express genuine feelings. MWWPG s are based on the concept that “an author writes when emotionally stirred and a critic enters into the author’s feeling by reading the work”. 4 Therefore feelings are at the center stage of writing psychotherapy. I consider empathy as the most crucial writing skill. Empathy for others allows you to connect with other people’s feelings and write empathetic words about them. Empathy for yourself enables you to touch your own true feelings and build a connection with yourself. Once you meet your own feelings and embrace the part of yourself that was isolated in the dark, the words full of life and vitality will naturally flourish and flow out from your heart.
组建作品疗遇成长小组
Building a MWWPG
你可以邀请几位同道，组建一个自助性的写作治疗作品疗遇小组。小组是一个容器，抱持着作品和作者。抱持的具体表现，在于成员彼此之间以共情替代评判，这是作品疗遇小组产生效果的关键。根据我的经验，每个人都会从作品疗遇中获益，这些获益像暗河，在潜意识的层面流动，包括让你的写作能力获得提升、对自我和他人更深的理解、更多的宽容、更大的尊重、共情的增加、更亲的情感、更近的关系和更多的写作满意度。当然最重要的，是支持你持续写下去，写出更多的作品来。
You can invite a few peers to form a self-helping MWWPG. The group works as a container embracing the authors and their works. Embracing means the members empathize each other without judgments, which I think is the key to the positive effects of a MWWTG. In my experiences, everyone benefits from a MWWPG. These benefits flow like an undercurrent on the unconscious level and include increased writing skills and writing satisfaction, as well as a deeper understanding of yourself and others with greater tolerance, respect and increased empathy resulting in closer connections and relationships. Of course, the most important thing is to support you to continue to write and create more works.
无论组建团体还是进入团体，首先，你都会感到焦虑和恐惧。你需要被关注，被肯定，被鼓励，需要有人对自己有信心，有人陪伴，让自己感到不是全然的孤独，需要有人尽可能坦诚地回应，对你说真话，帮助你写出力所能及的范围内最好的作品。但是你又容易受伤，担忧自己的隐私被强制袒露，无法设防，担忧别人不理解自己和作品，担心自己会被他人批评、鄙视、嘲笑或羞辱，被团体拒绝，你也担心别人都比自己厉害，你永远无法写出人家那样美妙的文字，那么情何以堪？其实这些担心，所有人都会有。它们是你投入一个新的团体，激起自己早年生活中的团体经历的一些焦虑体验。你只需要让自己放松，带着好奇的心，全情投入团体。伴随着时光飞逝，这些焦虑会逐渐淡化，被你投入写作的快乐和自身发生的改变所取代。
When entering a MWWPG either formed by self-help or led by a professional, first of all, you may find yourself feeling fearful and anxious. You need attentions and encouragements with acknowledgements and confidences in you. You look for companions so that you would not feel desperately lonely. You desire candidate and truthful feedbacks to help you create the best writing possible. However, at the same time, you are susceptible to feeling hurt and having a long list of worries. You may be concerned that your privacy will be forced to be exposed without protection. You may feel anxious that others do not understand you and your work. You are fearful of criticizing, despising, ridiculing or humiliating comments making you feeling rejected by the group. You may be worried about the embarrassments that others are better than you and you will never be able to write as wonderfully as others do. In fact, these concerns are quite common to everyone because some of the anxiety experienced in our own early life are easy to be evoked when joining a new group. In case of this, what you need to do is to let yourself relax, be curious, and fully engage with the group. Along with time, these worries and anxieties eventually will fade out and be replaced by the pleasure you feel when you are deeply involved in writing and notice the changes that happen to you.
其次，你需要知道为什么组建或者加入一个作品疗遇小组。小组的作用是：
1、给大家展示作品的空间；
2、给写作一些必须有的善意压力；
3、提升写作能力；
4、陪伴心灵成长。
Secondly, you need to know why you form or join a MWWPG, which is to:
1. provide members a space to show their works;
2. give everyone some necessary pressure to write with kindness;
3. improve everyone’s writing ability;
4. offer companionship to the members for psychological growth.
再次，世界上有太多的事情比写作容易——说话比写作容易，阅读比写作容易，吃巧克力比写作容易，在人群中无所事事地起哄也比独自写作容易。所以，作品疗遇小组如果没有事先拟定的守则，很快就会变成社交场所。让你暂时感受很愉快，但是对于真正的创作和治疗好处甚少。所以为了帮助团体集中精力工作，正常运行，帮助你最大化地受益，你还需要制定一份课程守则。守则需要小组全体成员一条一条充分讨论，形成共识，然后共同坚定执行。
守则需要重点强调：
Thirdly, there are so many things in the world that are easier than writing— Talking is easier than writing; Reading is easier than writing; Eating chocolates is easier than writing, and idling around in a crowd is easier than writing alone. So a MWWPG can easily become a social place if there is not a pre-written code for it. Making you feel good temporarily offers little help for original creation and psychotherapeutic effects. Therefore, it is a must to develop a curriculum code to maintain the focus and functions of the group, and help everyone make the best out of it. All members of the group should fully discuss the curriculum code item by item, and form a consensus. The agreed code should be firmly followed by all the members of the group. There three major principles for the code:
1、不评判。包括对作品和作者。写作课不是文艺评论课。你可以与同学分享各自写出的文字，但是不需要相互比较。评判好坏只会增加你的自我怀疑和自我否定，这是你在写作的道路上最大的障碍。记住！保持自信才是最重要的。人们习惯于用评判来相互进行交流，而很少懂得倾听与表达感受。其实，你只需懂得如实回馈你听到了作品中的什么，就能给作品最好的共鸣和呼应。
1. No judgment. No judgment is allowed either on the work or the author as writing group is not a literary criticism group. You can share your own writings with your peers, but you don not compare them with others’. Judging good and bad will only increase your self-doubt and self-denial, which are the biggest obstacles in your writing journey. Remember that staying confident is the most important thing. People are used to communicate with each other by judging rather than attentive listening and expressing their true feelings. In fact, if you can truthfully express what you have heard in the work, you have given the best resonating feedback.
2、不建议。包括不建议同学去做些什么事情或是如何修改作品，不推荐文章和书籍。建议意味着不接纳对方，意味着我知道而你不知道的高人一等，那些“为了你好我建议你……”的，通常只是建议者实现自身对他人的掌控。不建议则是接纳事物按照本来的面目呈现，时刻保持开放的状态。
2. No suggestion. Do not suggest other members what to do or how to revise their works. Do not recommend articles and books. Quite often, advising means not accepting another person with a sense of superiority of knowing what others do not. People, who say “I suggest you... for your own good.”, usually want to gain controls over others through their unsolicited advices. No suggestion means to accept things as they are and keep your mind open at all times.
3、不分析。可以自我分析，但是未经授权，不要分析他人。
3. No analysis. You can do self-analysis, but are not allowed to analyze others without authorization.
最后，用写作重建自我是一个漫长的过程，你不能依赖作品疗遇小组，指望只是通过团体互动就能实现。团体可以为你提供一段学习经历，但是你终究必须依靠自己，亲自一个字一个字地写，才能实现目标，最大受益。
A few final words, reconstructing yourself with writing is a long journey, and you can not fulfill it by solely depending on group interactions in a MWWPG. A MWWPG can only provide you with some learning experiences. To make the best out of it and achieve your goals in the end, you have to rely on yourself and write your work word for word.
写作带来心理疗愈，心理疗愈反过来激发写作。我过去写不出东西，与技巧无关，而是心理问题。只要克服那些写作道路上的心理障碍，人人可以成为作家，也可以成为自己的心理治疗师，因为写作和心理治疗共同的根源，在于潜意识。当我逐渐领悟这些道理，好像挖到了巨大金山的矿脉。
Writing has psychotherapeutic effects, which in turn promote and inspire writing. The reason why I could not write anything in the past had nothing to do with writing techniques but psychological barriers. If the psychological obstacles on a person’s path of writing are overcome, everyone can become a writer as well as their own psychotherapist, because both writing and psychotherapy tap into the same source, the person’s unconsciousness. I felt like I had dug out mountains of colossal golden mines when I gradually came to realize and understand this.
附件：
作品疗遇小组工作流程
第一步，作品分享。由作者朗读作品，尽量在10分钟以内，其他组员注意倾听并觉察；
第二步，镜映反馈。小组成员进行第一轮回馈，镜映刚才“我看到，我听到，我感受到，我联想到……”，疗遇者在一旁保持倾听与觉察，可做记录；
第三步，共情书写。每个人把自己带入情绪的“刺点”，进行共情式自由书写5分钟；
第四步，朗读互文。第二轮回馈，小组成员朗读刚才书写的内容；
第五步，作者返场。作者回应大家的反馈和文字；
第六步，带领者总结。
Appendix 1:
The Working Procedure of a Meeting with Works Writing Psychotherapy Group (MWWPG)
Step 1 Work Sharing: The author reads their work aloud and finishes the reading within 10 minutes if possible. Other group members listen closely while being aware of what’s happening inside them at the same time.
Step 2 Mirroring Feedback: The group members give the first round of feedback by simply saying what mirrored in them, such as “I saw/I heard/ I felt/ I thought of...”. The author listens to the feedbacks while keeping self-awareness, and take notes according to personal preferences.
Step 3 Empathy Writing: Each member, except for the author, brings themselves into the state of emotional “ punctum” and do empathetic free-form writing for 5 minutes.
Step 4 Inter-text Reading: The group members read out what they have just written as the second round of feedback.
Step 5 Author Feedback: The author responds to all the mirroring feedbacks and empathetic texts.
Step 6 Facilitator Summary: The facilitator gives summary for the whole session.
作品疗遇工作指南
当我是作者时，我做些什么？
1.朗读作品尽量在10分钟内。
2.直接用作品说话，尽量不解释我的写作意图和背景信息，以及自我的评价，如我觉得自己写的有多差，作品多么不完整，微不足道，毫无价值，只是勉强在今天拿来出凑数等等。要知道，作品一旦诞生就不再属于作者，作品自有它的生命，最终完成于读者。我不必过度焦虑，也不用太自恋。
3.我可能会感到羞愧，想解释一些什么，也可能觉得放松，把作品交给小组了，感谢自己终于完成了它。
4.我可能有强烈的情感，感到紧张，压力，担心，恐惧，焦虑，绝望，迷茫等等，觉察并接纳它们。
5.边听边做笔记，越是具体的反馈越要抓住，即使那个时候我并不同意对方所说的。
6.工作过程保持安静，不要当即回应或者反驳同学的发言，只需要倾听并思考，等所有人都完成发言以后，再给出简短的回应。
7.当我回到小组，我需要分享我刚才的感受或解释这些事情。
Appendix2:
Instructions to a MWWPG
What do I do when I’m an author?
1. Read your work aloud and try to keep it within 10 minutes.
2. Let the work speaks for itself. Try your best not to explain anything such as your writing intentions, background information etc. Do not criticize yourself and your work, for example by saying how bad you think of yourself as a writer; how incomplete, insignificant and worthless the work is; you just bring it to finish the task today and so on. You must know that a work no longer belongs to the author once it is born. The work has its own life and is completed ultimately by the readers. Try to be neither too anxious nor too narcissistic.
3. Give yourself appreciation for finishing it finally, no matter how you feel. You may feel ashamed and want to explain something. You may feel relaxed for having presented the work to the group.
4. You may have a mix of strong emotions such as feeling nervous, stressed, worried, fearful, anxious, hopeless, confused etc. Be aware of and accept them all.
5. Take notes while listening. The more specific the feedback is, the more worthwhile it is to be noted down, even if you may disagree with it.
6. Keep quiet while listening. Do not respond to or refute what others say immediately. Just listen and think.
7. After everyone has finished speaking, share your feelings and explain things that you feel like to.
当我是疗遇小组的一员时，我做些什么？
1.接纳允许。允许事物按照本来面目呈现，对同学及作品不评判，不分析，不建议。
2.恭敬有礼。不要试图修改作者的原稿，不要把我的观点强加给作者，使作者觉得自己是愚蠢以及被羞辱的，我的任务是帮助作者有力的表达自身的观点，而不是显示我高于对方的才华。
3.觉察自我。关注当下自己身上发生了什么，并使用第一人称“我”来给出回应，例如当作者感情涌上心头时，朗读的声音和语气可能偏离了通常的声音，但是作者本人没有意识到，可以反馈说：“刚才我听到”，以及类似的“我看到”，“我感受到”，“我联想到”。
4.要具体化。不要讲大道理，也不要只是给出含糊的回应，比如说“写的挺好的呀”，“很不错”等。要告诉作者，具体哪个内容让我最有感触，最喜欢最感动，听完后依然在眼前浮现，记得最清晰 ，如“我被最后的结尾感动了”，也告诉作者我在哪里开始分心，听不下去了，感到困惑了，比如“我被第3段的文字弄糊涂了”。
5.紧扣作品。虽然我需要关注自身，但是并非在反馈作品时大讲特讲自己。我可能想起了与作品相似的经历和感受，但是，不要大谈某些我非常认可或者反对的观点，以及我的某段人生经历。要明白这是聚焦于同学作品的时候，我不是重点，被疗遇的作品才是。
6.避免提问。也许作者的叙述并不清楚，因为他已经掌握了所有的背景信息，觉得自己写的很清楚了，可他人并不完整的知道那些信息。然而此时我不需要向作者提问，比如作者写到“活到这把年纪，最讨厌听到我妈的声音”，你不需要问作者今年多大年纪，自己生孩子吗？做妈妈了吗？知道母亲的声音对婴儿有抚慰的作用吗？你只需要坦诚的讲出自己的感受即可，比如“听到讨厌听妈妈的声音那句话，我的心像是被针刺了一下。”作者通过倾听我们的反应，所学到的东西比向我们把问题解释清楚，学到的东西要多很多。
7.我可能跟其他人有不同的想法和感受，说明每个人的贡献都是独一无二的，非常重要的。
8.我可能跟他人有相同的想法和感觉，我依然要说出来。别人说的是别人的，我要说出我自己的，因为反复出现相同的反馈，正有力的说明了作品的某些特质，不要觉得自己与人雷同就不值得表达，重复非常重要。
9.写大于说。以自己写下的文字与疗遇作品验证共鸣，大于口头表达。
10.我对作者的共情其实也是我自身的情感体现，通过这个我会发现一些新的想法，甚至收获一个新的自我面相。
What do I do when I am a group member ?
1. Be allowing and accepting. Allow things as they are. Don not judge or analyze your classmates or their works. Don not give suggestions to others.
2. Be respectful and courteous. Do not try to revise the author’s manuscript. Do not force your opinions on the author making them feel stupid and humiliated. Your task is to help the author express their opinions assertively, not to show your superiority over the others.
3. Being aware of yourself. Pay attention to what is happening in you at the moment and use the first-person “I” to respond. For example, you noticed that author’s voice and tone altered from their usual ones when their emotions surge while reading, but they may not be aware of it. For this kind of situation, you can give feedback by starting to say: “I heard …just now, I saw…, I felt…, or I thought of ” and so.
4. Be specific. Do not give general or vague comments, such as “It’s very well written.”, “very good.”, etc.. Tell the author which part you like best, which specific content touched your heart and moved you the most, and what still pops up or stick in your mind after listening to it. For example you can say : “ I was very moved by the ending.” Also let the author know where you started to get distracted, could not focus, or got confused. You can respond like “I'm confused by the text in paragraph 3.”
5. Focus on the work. Although you need to keep self-awareness, you are not supposed to talk much about yourself when you give feedback. You may be reminded of similar experiences and feelings to the work, but please do not talk too much about them. Neither the opinions that you strongly agree with or disagree with should be given at length. You need to understand that it is the work of your classmate is at the center stage, not the other way round.
6. No questions. The author have all the background information in their mind while others do not know as much as they do. Although the author feels that they have written it clear enough, still you may feel the author’s narrative is not clear enough. In case of this, you do not ask questions about it. For example, the author wrote “I hate hearing my mother’s voice when I live to this age.” You do not ask questions like “How old are you ?”, “ Do you have a child?”, “Are you a mother? ” , “Did you know that a mother’s voice has a soothing effect on a baby? , etc.. What you are expected is to do is to express your feelings candidly. For example, you can say “When I heard the sentence that I hate listening to my mother’s voice, I felt like my heart was pricked by a needle.” The author has more profound learning when we let them know what was mirrored in you rather than making the problem clear.
7. You may have different thoughts and feelings from others’, which means that your contribution is unique and very important.
8. You may find that you have the same thoughts and feelings as others do. Still you need to express them. What others say is theirs. What you say is yours. Do not feel that it is not worth expressing your feedback as it is similar to others’ . Repetition is very important because repeated feedbacks signifies the key characteristics of the work.
9. Written words counts more than talking. Resonate with the work through written words, as they bring greater effects than oral ones.
10. Your empathy for the author is actually a mirroring reflection of your own feelings. Through this, you may discover something new about yourself .
参考文献：
1. 欧文•亚龙 团体心理治疗. 李敏等译. 北京:轻工业出版社，2010.
2. 罗兰·巴特. 明室. 赵克静译. 北京：文化艺术出版社, 2003.
3.黄鑫. 用写作重建自我. 北京:机械工业出版社，2020.
4.刘勰.文心雕龙. 杨国斌英译. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2003.
5.库尔特·考夫卡. 格式塔心理学原理. 李维等译. 北京:北京大学出版社, 2010.
References:
1. Yalom, Irvin D. et al. The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. translated by Li, Min et al. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2010. (Chinese edition)
2. Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida. translated by Zhao, Kejing. Beijing: Chinese Culture and Art Books Publishing House，2003. (Chinese edition)
3. Huang, Xin. Reconstructing Yourself with Writing. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2020.
4. Liu, Xie. Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind. translated by Yang, Guobin. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2003. 48.5 (Chinese-English bilingual edition)
5. Koffka, Kurt. Principle of Gestalt Psychology. translated by Li, Wei. Beijing: Beijing University Press, 2010. (Chinese edition)
网友评论