第二章 代词
高考中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词(主要是其中的it)、关系代词、指示代词和不定代词上。
一、 it的用法
1.作人称代词
John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);
/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指时间、天气、环境等)
2.引导词
A.作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.
B.作形式宾语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city.
C.强调结构:It is (was) +被强调部分+that (或who)…
注意:在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where,而应用that 。在复习中,一定要注意句式的不同。
It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起强调句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定从)
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起时间状语从句)
It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起强调句)
3. it,one,that 的区别:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。
—Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________?
A.it B.that C.one D.this
The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
one 用以指代同类事物中的任一,that 特指性强,指代可数与不可数词,而it指代上文提过的同一事物。
二、不定代词
一) . some 与 any 的用法
1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时,意为某个。如:
I have some questions about the assignment.
(希望得到肯定答复)。
2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时,表示一些。用于肯定句时,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示任何。如:
The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist‘s.
二) . each 与 every 的用法
1. each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的每一个,在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如:
There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.
2. every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的每一个,只能作定语,不能说 every of them ,要说 every one of them .
Every student in our class works hard.
三 . no one 与 none 的用法
1. no one 意为没有人,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词 of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答 who 引导的问句。如:
Who is in the classroom?
No one.
2. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为一点也不,一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用,通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个,回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如:
They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
四 . other, another, others, any other, the other 的用法
1. other 表示泛指,意为另外的、其它的。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the, this, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。如:
I have no other place to go.
2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的另外一个,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示又、再、还。如:
This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)。
We need another three assistants in our shop.
3. others :它是 other 的复数形式,表示泛指,意为别的人或物,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如:
He has more concern for others than for himself.
4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。如:
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
5. the other :表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用,也可接单数名词。如:
No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.
五 . all 与 both 的用法
均表示都,但 all 表示三者以上的人或物, both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义,如果与 not 连用时,则表示部分否定。
六 . neither 与 either 的用法
都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都不;而 either 表肯定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都。都可单独使用,也可同介词 of 连用。如:
Both teams were in hard training; neither willing to lose the game.
Do you want tea or coffee?
Either. I really don‘t mind.
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