5. 数据结构与算法：链表

链表（linked list）是一组数据项的集合，其中每个数据项都是一个节点的一部分，每个节点还包含指向下一个节点的链接
根据结构的不同，链表可以分为单向链表、单向循环链表、双向链表、双向循环链表等。其中，单向链表和单向循环链表的结构如下图所示

link_list.png

SinCycLinkedlist()创建单向循环链表
add(item) 向链表中插入数据项
remove(item) 删除链表中的数据项
search(item) 在链表中查找数据项是否存在
empty() 判断链表是否为空
size() 返回链表中数据项的个数

illustration of SinCycLinkedList.png

class Node () :
  def __init__(self, initdata):
    self.__data = initdata
    self.__next = None

  def getData(self):
    return self.__data

  def getNext(self):
    return self.__next

  def setData (self, newdata):
    self.__data = newdata

  def setNext(self, newnext):
    self.__next = newnext

class SinCycLinkedlist:
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = Node(None)
        self.head.setNext(self.head)

    def add(self, item):
        temp = Node(item)
        temp.setNext(self.head.getNext())
        self.head.setNext(temp)

    def remove(self, item):
        prev = self.head
        while prev.getNext() != self.head:
            cur = prev.getNext()
            if cur.getData() == item:
                prev.setNext(cur.getNext())
            prev = prev.getNext()

    def search(self, item):
        cur = self.head.getNext()
        while cur != self.head:
            if cur.getData() == item:
                return True
            cur = cur.getNext()

        return False

    def empty(self):
        return self.head.getNext() == self.head

    def size(self):
        count = 0
        cur = self.head.getNext()
        while cur != self.head:
            count += 1
            cur = cur.getNext()

        return count

if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = SinCycLinkedlist()
    print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))

    s.add(19)
    s.add(86)
    print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))

    print('86 is%s in s' % ('' if s.search(86) else ' not',))
    print('4 is%s in s' % ('' if s.search(4) else ' not',))
    print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))

    s.remove(19)
    print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))