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快速实现一套基于netflix组件的基础微服务架构

快速实现一套基于netflix组件的基础微服务架构

作者: IT楠老师 | 来源:发表于2019-10-07 00:43 被阅读0次

    一、创建主工程

    首先创建一个主Maven工程，在其pom文件引入依赖，spring Boot版本为2.1.9.RELEASE，Spring Cloud版本为Greenwich.RELEASE。这个pom文件作为父pom文件，起到依赖版本控制的作用，其他module工程继承该pom。这一系列文章全部采用这种模式，其他文章的pom跟这个pom一样。再次说明一下，以后不再重复引入。

    代码如下：

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zn</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloudstudy</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <name>zn</name>
    <description>Demo for study</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.6</lombok.version>
        <guava.version>23.0</guava.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>${guava.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

    二、启动注册中心

    三部曲

    工程名 eureka-server-one

    1、引入依赖

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

    2、配置文件

    server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

spring:
  application:
    name: eurka-server

    3、主类加配置

    @SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerOne {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerOne.class,args);
    }
}

    4、启动

    三、创建服务提供者

    工程名称 user-provider-one

    1、配置依赖

        <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    2、配置文件

    server:
  port: 8100

spring:
  application:
    name: user-provider

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

    3、添加注解

    @SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class UserProvider {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserProvider.class,args);
    }
}

    4、业务实现

    @Data
public class User {

    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String address;

    public User(Integer id, String username, String password) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
}

@RestController
public class UserController {
    
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String address;

    private static Map<Integer,User> users = ImmutableMap.of(
            1,new User(1, "zhangsan", "123456"),
            2,new User(2, "lisi", "654321")
    );

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public List<User> getUsers() {
        return Lists.newArrayList(users.values());
    }

    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        User user = users.get(id);
        user.setAddress(assress);
        return user;
    }
}

    四、创建服务消费者 rest+ribbon

    工程名字 consumer-ribbon

    使用ribbon做负载均衡

    1、引入依赖

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

    2、修改配置

    eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8100
spring:
  application:
    name: consumer-ribbon

    3、添加注解

    @SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerRibbonApplication.class, args);
    }
     
    //添加一个具有负载均衡能力的restTemplate
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

    4、业务实现

    public interface UserService {
    User getUserById(Integer id);
}

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Override
    public User getUserById(Integer id) {
        return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://userprovider/user/"+id,User.class).getBody();
    }
}

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("cuser/{id}")
    public User getUser(@PathVariable  Integer id){
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }
}

    为了体现负载均衡，再建一个user提供者

    五、创建消费者--Feign实现

    Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端，它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。Feign默认集成了Ribbon，并和Eureka结合，默认实现了负载均衡的效果。

    简而言之：

    • Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
    • Feign 整合了ribbon，具有负载均衡的能力
    • 整合了Hystrix，具有熔断的能力

    创建工程 consumer-feign

    1、引入依赖

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

    2、修改配置

    eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8200
spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

    3、主类加注解

    @SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ServiceFeignApplication.class, args );
    }
}

    4、业务代码

    @FeignClient("user-provider")
public interface UserService {

    /**
     * 远程调动方法
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id);

}

    在Web层的controller层，对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口，通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下：

    @RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/fuser/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }

}

    六、创建熔断器

    1）ribbon

    1、添加依赖

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
 </dependency>

    2、添加注解

    @SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrix
public class ConsumerRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerRibbonApplication.class, args);
    }
    
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

    3、改造业务

    @Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Override
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback")
    public User getUserById(Integer id) {
        return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://user-provider/user/"+id,User.class).getBody();
    }

    public User fallback(Integer id){
        return new User(id,"default","123","0.0.0.0");
    }
}

    2）feign

    Feign是自带断路器的，在D版本的Spring Cloud之后，它没有默认打开。需要在配置文件中配置打开它，在配置文件加以下代码：

    1、修改注解

    feign:
    hystrix:
        enabled: true

    2、改造业务

    @FeignClient(value = "user-provider",fallback = UserFallBack.class)
public interface UserService {

    /**
     * 远程调动方法
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id);

}

    需要实现降级方法，实现UserService：

    @Component
public class UserFallBack implements UserService {
    @Override
    public User getUserById(Integer id) {
        return new User(id,"defaultFeign","123","feign");
    }
}

    七、创建spring cloud config统一配置中心

    1）服务端

    1、添加依赖

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

    2、添加注解

    @EnableConfigServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConfigApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigApplication.class, args);
    }
}

    3、添加配置

    server:
  port: 8500
spring:
  application:
    name: configer-senter
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        native:
           search-locations: classpath:/config

    4、在resource目录新建config目录创建统一配置

    user:
  name: lusy
  password: 18

    2）客户端

    1.添加maven配置文件

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

    2.设置获取配置中心的配置信息，可以什么也不配，默认本地8888

        @Value("${user.password}")
    private String password;

    @Value("${user.name}")
    private String name;

    @GetMapping("/config/user/{id}")
    public User getUserFromConfigCenter(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return new User(id,name,password,"3.3.3.3");
    }

    3.启动服务并测试

    如果在application.yml中对config客户端进行配置，发现不会不生效

    增加 bootstrap.yml

    1.加载顺序的先后，bootstrap会先加载，在结合configserver一起使用时，bootstrap属性文件更适合做一些引导下文的配置。

    2.在结合configserver使用时，bootstrap更多的是配置一些不经常变化甚至不变化的属性。application属性文件可更灵活的配置一些属性.

    spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://127.0.0.1:8500

    证明配置服务中心可以从远程程序获取配置信息，http请求地址和资源文件映射如下:，可参考

    /{application}/{profile}[/{label}]
/{application}-{profile}.yml
/{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml
/{application}-{profile}.properties
/{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties

    八、服务网关

    1、引入依赖

        <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    2、添加注解

    @SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class,args);
    }

}

    3、添加配置

    eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8500
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-zuul
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api-a/**
      serviceId: consumer-ribbon
    api-b:
      path: /api-b/**
      serviceId: consumer-feign

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