Vuex

作者: 66pillow | 来源:发表于2017-12-02 12:15 被阅读0次

    Vues是什么

    一个专为Vue.js应用程序开发的状态管理模式
    state:驱动应用的数据源
    view:以声明方式将state映射到视图
    actions:响应view上用户输入导致的状态变化

    单向数据流

    State->View->Actions->State
    多组件共享状态,单向数据流简洁很容易破坏,因此,将组件共享状态抽取出来,以一个全局单例模式管理

    组件树构成一个巨大视图,不管在树哪个位置,任何组件都能获取状态或触发行为(听起来敲棒棒哒)

    vuex更适合中大型SPA应用

    store(仓库)

    vuex应用的核心,一个容器,包含应用中大部分state

    vuex和全局对象的区别

    1.vuex状态存储是响应式,store中状态变化,相应组件更新
    2.不能直接改变store中状态,除非显示提交(commit)mutation

    var store = new Vuex.Store({
        state: {
            count: 0
        },
        mutations: {
            increment: function (state) {
                state.count++;
            }
        }
    });
    
    //约定,通过显示调用提交mutation方式,明确追踪状态变化
    store.commit("increment");
    alert(store.state.count);
    

    核心概念

    State, Getter, Mutation, Action, Module

    State

    Vuex使用单一状态树,用一个对象包含全部应用层级状态,作为唯一数据源(SSOT)存在,每个应用仅包含一个store实例

    <counter></counter>
    
    var store = new Vuex.Store({
        //暴露为store.state.xxx
        state: {
            count: 0
        }
    });
    
    var Counter = {
        template: "<div>{{count}}</div>",
        computed: {
            //在计算属性中返回store.state值
            count: function () {
                //子组件能通过this.$store访问
                return this.$store.state.count;
            }
        }
    };
    
    var app = new Vue({
        el: "#app",
        //根实例中注入store实例,该实例会注入所有子组件中
        store: store,
        components: {Counter: Counter}
    });
    

    mapState辅助函数帮助我们生成计算属性

    var Counter = {
        data: function () {
            return {localCount: 6};
        },
        template: "<div>{{count}}-{{countAlias}}-{{countPlusLocalState}}</div>",
        computed: Vuex.mapState({
            count: function (state) {
                return state.count;
            },
            //等同于上
            countAlias: "count",
            countPlusLocalState: function (state) {
                return state.count + this.localCount;
            }
        })
    };
    

    Getter

    可对state做额外处理后返回想要的数据

    var store = new Vuex.Store({
        //暴露为store.getters.xxx
        getters: {
            doneTodos: function (state) {
                return state.todos.filter(function (todo) {
                    return todo.done;
                });
            },
            doneTodosCount: function (state, getters) {
                return getters.doneTodos.length;
            }
        }
    });
    
    var Counter = {
        template: "<div>{{count}}</div>",
        computed: {
            count: function () {
                return this.$store.getters.doneTodosCount;
            }
        }
    };
    

    mapGetters辅助函数将store中getter映射到局部计算属性

    var Counter = {
        template: "<div>{{count}}</div>",
        computed: Vuex.mapGetters({
            count: "doneTodosCount"
        })
    };
    

    Mutation

    更改Vuex的store中的状态的唯一方法是提交mutation,mutation非常类似事件,包含一个事件名,一个回调,通过store.commit提交该事件
    mutation遵守Vue响应规则
    1.提前在store中初始化所有属性
    2.添加新属性时:使用Vue.set(obj, 'newProp', 123)或
    state.obj = {...state.obj, newProp:123};
    mutation必须是同步函数

    var store = new Vuex.Store({
        state: {
            count: 1
        },
        mutations: {
            //变更状态
            increment: function (state, payload) {
                state.count += payload.amount;
            }
        }
    });
    
    //1
    console.log(store.state.count);
    //唤醒一个mutation handler,调用相应type,提交载荷
    store.commit("increment", {amount: 10});
    //11
    console.log(store.state.count);
    //commit对象风格提交方式
    store.commit({type: "increment", amount: 10});
    //21
    console.log(store.state.count);
    

    使用常量代替mutation事件类型

    export const SOME_MUTATION = 'SOME_MUTATION';
    
    import {SOME_MUTATION} from "...."
    const store = new Vuex.Store({
        state:{...},
        mutations:{
          [SOME_MUTATION](state){...}
        }
    });
    

    可以在组件中使用this.$store.commit('xxx')提交mutation,或使用mapMutations辅助函数

    Action

    类似mutation,区别:
    1.Action提交的是mutation,而不是直接变更状态
    2.Action可以包含任意异步操作
    3.通过store.dispatch('xxx')触发

    var store = new Vuex.Store({
        state: {
            count: 0
        },
        mutations: {
            increment: function (state) {
                state.count++;
            }
        },
        actions:{
            //传入一个与store实例有相同方法和属性的context参数
            increment:function(context){
                //context.state
                //context.getters
                //context.commit
                context.commit('increment');
    
                //返回一个Promise对象
                //return new Promise();
            }
        }
    });
    //分发
    store.dispatch('increment');
    //store.dispatch('increment').then(...);
    

    Module

    单一状态树会将所有状态集中到一个大的对象,为避免store臃肿,将store分割成模块(module)

    var moduleA = {
        state: {v: 0},
        mutations: {
            increment: function (state) {
                state.v++;
            }
        },
        actions: {},
        getters: {}
    };
    
    var moduleB = {
        state: {v: 1},
        mutations: {}
    };
    
    var store = new Vuex.Store({
        state: {v: 3},
        modules: {
            a: moduleA,
            b: moduleB
        }
    });
    
    alert(store.state.a.v); //0 moduleA状态
    alert(store.state.b.v); //1 moduleB状态
    store.commit('increment');
    alert(store.state.a.v); //1 moduleA状态
    alert(store.state.v); //3 moduleA状态
    

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