笔记04 swift 枚举

{
        // 枚举的基本用法
        enum PPFDirection {
            case north
            case south
            case east
            case west
        }
        
        enum PPFDirection2 {
            case north,south,east,west
        }
        
        var dir = PPFDirection.west
        dir = PPFDirection.east
        dir = .east
        print(dir)
        
        switch dir {
            case .north:
                print(dir)
            
            case .west,.east:
                print(dir)
            
            case .south:
                print(dir)
        }
        
        //关联值(Associated Values)
        //有时将枚举的成员值跟其他类型的值关联存储在一起，会非常有用
        enum Score {
            case points(Int)
            case grade(Character)
        }
        
        var score = Score.points(96)
        score = .grade("A")
        
        enum Date {
            case digit(year: Int, month: Int, day: Int)
            case string(String)
        }
        
        var date = Date.digit(year: 2011, month: 9, day: 10)
        
        date = .string("2011-09-10")
        
        switch date {
            case.digit(year: 2011, month: 9, day: 10):
                print("date")
                
            case .digit(let year, let month, let day):
                print(year, month, day)
            
            case let .string(value):
                print(value)
        }
        
        switch score {
            case let .points(i):
                print(i, "points")
            case let .grade(i):
                print("grade", i)
        } // grade A
//        n 必要时let也可以改为var
        
//        关联值举例 支持多种类型数据判断
        enum Password {
            case number(Int, Int, Int, Int) // 数字组合
            case gesture(String)// 手势数字轨迹
        }
        
        var pwd = Password.number(3, 5, 7, 8)
        pwd = .gesture("12369")
        
        switch pwd {
            case let .number(n1, n2, n3, n4):
                print("number is ", n1, n2, n3, n4)
            case let .gesture(str):
                print("gesture is", str)
        }
        
//        原始值(Raw Values)
//        n 枚举成员可以使用相同类型的默认值预先对应，这个默认值叫做:原始值
         enum PokerSuit : Character {
            case spade = "♠"
            case heart = "♥"
            case diamond = "♦"
            case club = "♣"
        }
        
        enum Grade : String {
            case perfect = "A"
            case great = "B"
            case good = "C"
            case bad = "D"
        }
        
        print(Grade.perfect.rawValue) // A
        print(Grade.great.rawValue) // B
        print(Grade.good.rawValue) // C
        print(Grade.bad.rawValue) // D
        let suit = PokerSuit.spade
        print(suit) // spade
        print(suit.rawValue) // ♠
        print(PokerSuit.club.rawValue) // ♣
        // 注意:原始值不占用枚举变量的内存
        
//        隐式原始值(Implicitly Assigned Raw Values)
//        n 如果枚举的原始值类型是Int、String，Swift会自动分配原始值
        enum PPFDirection3 : String {
            case north = "north"
            case south = "south"
            case east = "east"
            case west = "west"
        }
        // 等价于
        enum PPFDirection4 : String {
            case north, south, east, west
        }
        print(PPFDirection3.north) // north
        print(PPFDirection4.north.rawValue) // north
        enum Season : Int {
            case spring, summer, autumn, winter
        }
        print(Season.spring.rawValue) // 0
        print(Season.summer.rawValue) // 1
        print(Season.autumn.rawValue) // 2
        print(Season.winter.rawValue) // 3
          enum Season2 : Int {
            case spring = 1, summer, autumn = 4, winter
        }
        print(Season2.spring.rawValue) // 1
        print(Season2.summer.rawValue) // 2
        print(Season2.autumn.rawValue) // 4
        print(Season2.winter.rawValue) // 5
         
        enum PPFWord : String {
            case sdf = "a"
            case cd
            case c = "cc"
            case sfsf
            
        }

        print(PPFWord.sdf.rawValue)
        print(PPFWord.cd.rawValue)
        print(PPFWord.c.rawValue)
        print(PPFWord.sfsf.rawValue)
        
//        递归枚举(Recursive Enumeration)  //indirect 间接的
        
        indirect enum ArithExpr {
            case number(Int)
            case sum(ArithExpr, ArithExpr)
            case difference(ArithExpr, ArithExpr)
        }
        
        let dif = ArithExpr.difference(ArithExpr.sum(ArithExpr.number(1), ArithExpr.number(2)), ArithExpr.number(3))
        
        print(dif)
        
        func calculate(_ expr: ArithExpr) -> Int {
            switch expr {
                case let .number(value):
                    return value
                case let .sum(left, right):
                    return calculate(left) + calculate(right)
                case let .difference(left, right):
                    return calculate(left) - calculate(right)
            }
        }
        


        
        enum ArithExpr2 {
            case number(Int)
            indirect case sum(ArithExpr2, ArithExpr2)
            indirect case difference(ArithExpr2, ArithExpr2)
        }
         let five = ArithExpr.number(5)
        let four = ArithExpr.number(4)
        let two = ArithExpr.number(2)
        let sum = ArithExpr.sum(five, four)
        let difference = ArithExpr.difference(sum, two)
        calculate(difference)
        
//        n 可以使用MemoryLayout获取数据类型占用的内存大小
        enum PPFPassword {
            case number(Int, Int, Int, Int)
            case other1(Int, Int, Int, Int,Int, Int, Int, Int)
        }

         MemoryLayout<PPFPassword>.stride // 40, 分配占用的空间大小
        MemoryLayout<PPFPassword>.size // 33, 实际用到的空间大小
        MemoryLayout<PPFPassword>.alignment // 8, 对齐参数
        var pwd1 = PPFPassword.number(9, 8, 6, 4)
        pwd1 = PPFPassword.other1(1,1,1,123213,1,123,312,13)
       print(MemoryLayout.stride(ofValue: pwd1)) // 40
        print(MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: pwd1)) // 33
        print(MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: pwd1)) // 8
        
//        窥探内存小工具 https://github.com/CoderMJLee/Mems
        
    }