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Flutter 62: 图解基本 Button 按钮小结 (二)

Flutter 62: 图解基本 Button 按钮小结 (二)

作者: 阿策神奇 | 来源:发表于2019-09-23 18:54 被阅读0次

          小菜继续尝试 Flutter 的基本按钮;今天小菜学习 MaterialButton 系列相关 Button;该系列以 MaterialButton 为父类,衍生出 RaisedButton 凸起按钮,FlatButton 扁平按钮和 OutlineButton 边框按钮;可根据不同场景灵活运用;

    MaterialButton

    源码分析
    const MaterialButton({
        Key key,
        @required this.onPressed,
        this.onHighlightChanged,        // 高亮变化的回调
        this.textTheme,                 // 文字主题
        this.textColor,                 // 文字颜色
        this.disabledTextColor,         // 不可点击时文字颜色
        this.color,                     // 背景色
        this.disabledColor,             // 不可点击时背景色
        this.highlightColor,            // 点击高亮时背景色
        this.splashColor,               // 水波纹颜色
        this.colorBrightness,
        this.elevation,                 // 阴影高度
        this.highlightElevation,        // 高亮时阴影高度
        this.disabledElevation,         // 不可点击时阴影高度
        this.padding,                   // 内容周围边距
        this.shape,                     // 按钮样式
        this.clipBehavior = Clip.none,  // 抗锯齿剪切效果
        this.materialTapTargetSize,     // 点击目标的最小尺寸
        this.animationDuration,         // 动画效果持续时长
        this.minWidth,                  // 最小宽度
        this.height,                    // 按钮高度
        this.child,
     })
    

          分析源码可知,MaterialButton 作为其他 Button 父类,各属性比较清晰明了,有 hight 属性可设置 Button 高度,其子类 Button 只可通过 padding 或其他方式调整高度;

    案例尝试

          小菜测试发现 hight 可以设置 MaterialButton 高度,但 shape 按钮形状却不适用;其父类 RawMaterialButton 却正常;小菜尝试网上大神的处理方式是外层依赖 Material 并需要 clip 裁切成 shape 样式;有待进一步学习;

    Material(
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),
        clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,
        child: MaterialButton(
            color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4),
            height: 60.0,
            child: Text('MaterialButton'),
            onPressed: () {}))
    

    RaisedButton / FlatButton

    源码分析
    const RaisedButton({
        Key key,
        @required VoidCallback onPressed,
        ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged,
        ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题
        Color textColor,                    // 子元素颜色
        Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时子元素颜色
        Color color,                        // 按钮背景色
        Color disabledColor,                // 不可点击时按钮背景色
        Color highlightColor,               // 点击高亮时按钮背景色
        Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色
        Brightness colorBrightness,         // 颜色对比度
        double elevation,                   // 阴影高度
        double highlightElevation,          // 高亮时阴影高度
        double disabledElevation,           // 不可点击时阴影高度
        EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 子元素周围边距
        ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式
        Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果
        MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize,
        Duration animationDuration,         // 动画时长
        Widget child,
    })
    
    const FlatButton({
        Key key,
        @required VoidCallback onPressed,
        ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged,
        ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题
        Color textColor,                    // 子元素颜色
        Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时子元素颜色
        Color color,                        // 按钮背景色
        Color disabledColor,                // 不可点击时按钮背景色
        Color highlightColor,               // 点击高亮时按钮背景色
        Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色
        Brightness colorBrightness,         // 颜色对比度
        EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 子元素周围边距
        ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式
        Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果
        MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize,
        @required Widget child,
      })
    

          分析源码可知,RaisedButtonFlatButton 基本完全相同,只是 RaisedButton 多了一些阴影高度的特有属性,小菜准备同时对两类 Button 进行尝试,比较两者的不同;

    案例尝试
    1. 小菜首先尝试最基本的 RaisedButton / FlatButton 可点击和不可点击样式;
    // 可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    
    // 不可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null)
    FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null)
    
    1. ButtonTextTheme 为默认子元素主题,可以设置基本的三种主题样式:nomal 对应 [ThemeData.brightness]primary 对应 [ThemeData.primaryColor]accent 对应 [ThemeData.accentColor];展示效果比较明显;
    RaisedButton(child: Text('R.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    RaisedButton(child: Text('R.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    RaisedButton(child: Text('R.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    
    FlatButton(child: Text('F.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    FlatButton(child: Text('F.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    FlatButton(child: Text('F.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
        
    OutlineButton(child: Text('O.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    OutlineButton(child: Text('O.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    OutlineButton(child: Text('O.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    
    1. textColor 为子 Widget 中元素颜色,不仅为文字颜色;disabledTextColor 为不可点击时子 Widget 元素颜色;splashColor 为点击时水波纹颜色;
    // 可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
            children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),
        textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})
    FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
            children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),
        textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})
        
    // 不可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
            children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),
        textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)
    FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
            children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),
        textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)
    
    1. colorButton 背景色;highlightColor 为点击时高亮背景色;disabledColor 为不可点击时背景色;
    // 可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {},
        color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),
        splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))
    FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {},
        color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),
        splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))
        
    // 不可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4))
    FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4),)
    
    1. shapeButton 形状;因按钮没有 Materialhight 属性,需要采用 padding 或外层依赖其他 Widget 调整按钮大小;
    RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {}
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))
    FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {}
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))
    
    1. colorBrightness 代表颜色对比度,一般分为 light / dark 两种;一般时深色的背景需要浅色的文字对比,浅色的背景需要深色的文字对比;
    // 可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})
    RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})
    FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})
    FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})
    
    // 不可点击
    RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)
    RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)
    FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)
    FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)
    
    1. RaisedButton / FlatButton 均提供了 .icon 带图标的简单方式,icon / label 两个属性是必须属性;注意,.icon 方式中 RaisedButton 没有 padding 属性;
    RaisedButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('RaisedButton'),
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})
    FlatButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('FlatButton'),
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})
    
    1. elevationRaisedButton 所特有的阴影高度;highlightElevation 为高亮时阴影高度;disabledColor 为不可点击时阴影高度;
    RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), elevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})
    RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), elevation: 0.0, highlightElevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})
    RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), disabledElevation: 20.0, onPressed: null)
    

    OutlineButton

    源码分析
    const OutlineButton({
        Key key,
        @required VoidCallback onPressed,
        ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题
        Color textColor,                    // 文字颜色
        Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时文字颜色
        Color color,                        // 按钮背景色
        Color highlightColor,               // 高亮时颜色
        Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色
        double highlightElevation,          // 高亮时阴影高度
        this.borderSide,                    // 边框样式
        this.disabledBorderColor,           // 不可点击时边框颜色
        this.highlightedBorderColor,        // 高亮时边框颜色
        EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 内容周围边距
        ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式
        Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果
        Widget child,
    })
    

          分析源码可知,OutlineButton 与其他两种按钮略有不同,强调边框的样式属性且无长按的 tooltip 属性;

    案例尝试
    1. 小菜首先尝试一个最基本的 OutlineButton;长按无提醒;
    OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    
    1. 小菜尝试与其他按钮相同的几类按钮属性,使用方式相同;
    OutlineButton(
        child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[
          Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)),
          Text('OutlineButton')
        ]),
        textColor: Colors.pink,
        disabledTextColor: Colors.green,
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
        color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),
        highlightColor: Colors.amber,
        borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),
        highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,
        disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),
        clipBehavior: Clip.none,
        onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    
    1. 以下为 OutlineButton 特有属性:borderSide 代表边框样式;disabledBorderColor 代表不可点击时边框颜色;highlightedBorderColor 代表高亮时边框颜色;其中 borderSide 可以设置边框颜色宽度及样式(solid / none);
    OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'),
        borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid),
        highlightedBorderColor: Colors.teal,
        onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    
    OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'),
        borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid),
        disabledBorderColor: Colors.redAccent,
        onPressed: null)
    
    1. OutlineButton 还提供了 .icon 带图标的简单方式,icon / label 两个属性是必须属性;
    OutlineButton.icon(
        icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit),
        label: Text('OutlineButton'),
        textColor: Colors.pink,
        disabledTextColor: Colors.green,
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
        color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),
        highlightColor: Colors.amber,
        borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),
        highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,
        disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),
        clipBehavior: Clip.none,
        onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    

    扩展

    1. textColor 的作用?

          小菜原来以为按钮的子元素是 Widget,可自由设置各类效果,单独的 textColor 是否会略显多余;可实际并非如此,子元素设置颜色等之后 textColor 不生效;但 textColor 与主题相关;小菜以 OutlineButton 为例,一目了然;

    // Text 设置颜色
    OutlineButton(
        child: Text('OutlineButton', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.deepPurple)),
        onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    // textColor 设置颜色 
    OutlineButton(
        child: Text('OutlineButton'), textColor: Colors.deepPurple,
        onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
    

    2. 阴影如何改颜色?

          使用 RaisedButton 时会自带阴影效果,阴影的高度和高亮时的阴影高度均可自由设置;但是阴影的颜色应该如何处理呢,官方暂未提供阴影效果属性;小菜尝试了网上大神的方式,RaisedButton 外层依赖带模糊阴影效果的 Container;小菜借鉴并稍微调整一下,解决方案并非最佳,仅作尝试;

          初始时定义一个默认的高度 height 作为阴影高度,监听按钮的 onHighlightChanged 方法更改 height 高度作为高亮时阴影高度;

    建议:
    a. 使用高亮颜色时 highlightElevation 建议设置为 0.0
    b. 若按钮有样式设置,依赖的 Container 也要设置相同的 shape 样式;

    var height = 5.0;
    Container(
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0),
            boxShadow: <BoxShadow>[
              BoxShadow(
                  color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.2),
                  blurRadius: hight,
                  offset: Offset(0, hight))
            ]),
        child: RaisedButton(
            child: Text('RaisedButton'),
            padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 15.0),
            highlightElevation: 0.0,
            onHighlightChanged: (state) {
              setState(() {
                hight = (state) ? 20.0 : 5.0;
              });
            },
            shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),
            onPressed: () => {}))
    

          小菜对 Button 的基本学习暂且到此,还有一些遗留问题有待研究,如有错误请多多指导!

    来源: 阿策小和尚

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