1.什么是Beacon ？
Beacon是使用蓝牙4.0（BLE）技术发射信号的小设备
有效范围从几十厘米到几米，电池可用3年
信号为单向发射，只能发送小数据量，例如一个128bit的ID 智能手机通常作为接收方；
2.什么是iBeacon？
iBeacon 是苹果公司2013年9月发布的移动设备用OS（iOS7）上配备的新功能。其工作方式是，配备有低功耗蓝牙（BLE）通信功能的设备使用BLE技术向周围发送自己特有的 ID，接收到该 ID 的应用软件会根据该 ID 采取一些行动。
它采用了基于蓝牙4.0的低功耗蓝牙技术(Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE),主要是用作辅助室内定位的功能.
3.CLBeacon类
iBeacon 在 CoreLocation 框架中抽象为CLBeacon类, 该类有6个属性，分别是:
proximityUUID：是一个 NSUUID，用来标识公司。每个公司、组织使用的 iBeacon 应该拥有同样的 proximityUUID。（proximityUUID' was deprecated in iOS 13.0）ios13.0之后改为uuid
major：主要值，用来识别一组相关联的 beacon，例如在连锁超市的场景中，每个分店的 beacon 应该拥有同样的 major。
minor：次要值，则用来区分某个特定的 beacon。
proximity：远近范围的，一个枚举值。
accuracy：与iBeacon的距离。
rssi：信号轻度为负值，越接近0信号越强，等于0时无法获取信号强度。
Tip：proximityUUID，major，minor 这三个属性组成 iBeacon 的唯一标识符。
4.如何工作
只要进入iBeacon的范围，就能唤醒 App（大约10秒钟），即使在程序被杀掉的情况下。必要时，可以使用UIApplication类的-(UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier)beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:(void (^)(void))handler;方法，请求更多的后台执行时间。
在开启后台模式之后，不管app出于运行、后台、还是挂起状态都会唤醒app执行该回调，你有10秒钟的唤醒时间用于处理数据（本地，或者请求服务器）
5.接收形式：
接收者提供了两种方式来接收iBeacon信号:
Monitoring: 可以用来在设备进入/退出某个地理区域时获得通知, 使用这种方法可以在应用程序的后台运行时检测iBeacon，但是只能同时检测20个region区域，并且不能够推测设备与iBeacon的距离.
Ranging: iOS 7之后提供的 API, 用于确定设备的近似距离iBeacon 技术,可以用来检测某区域内的所有iBeacons,并且可以精度估计发射者与接收者的距离。
6.检测ibeacon会有延时：
检测ibeacon的进入比较及时，当关闭ibeacon时，检测会有10-50秒的延时。
7.检测回调：
当外设开关状态发生变化时（或者蓝牙中心离开靠近外设时），app如果处于[挂起或是关闭状态，会被系统唤醒，活跃10秒，来处理相关事件
应用程序将被启动并通过 locationManager:didDetermineState:forRegion 通知代理,当设备的屏幕打开并且用户在该区域时。 默认情况下，这是 NO。
beacon.notifyEntryStateOnDisplay = true
**杀掉进程之后的回调,在ibeacon基站边缘时会触发，直接锁屏亮锁也会触发哦 **
8.实测距离
实测手机作为ibeacon基站，ibeacon范围也只有10米左右
注意点：
如果在iBeacon覆盖范围内或覆盖范围外启动startMonitoring，那么didDetermineState可能不会立即反映出当前所处的位置状态(didEnterRegion和didExitRegion都不会正确调用)，需要等待app在当前位置运行一会才会有效（大约1分钟延迟）
测试ibeacon时记得把app应用的位置权限设置为始终哦
手机模拟ibeacon基站代码：
import UIKit
import CoreBluetooth
import CoreLocation
class ViewController: UIViewController {
var peripheralManager = CBPeripheralManager()
var btn:UIButton = UIButton.init()
var btnStop:UIButton = UIButton.init()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
//手机秒变ibeacon基站
iphoneChangeIbeacon()
}
func iphoneChangeIbeacon(){
btn.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 100, width: 150, height: 50)
btn.backgroundColor = .red
self.view.addSubview(btn)
btn.addTarget(self, action: #selector(btnClick(btn:)), for: UIControl.Event.touchUpInside)
btn.setTitle("开始广播", for: UIControl.State.normal)
btn.setTitleColor(.black, for: UIControl.State.normal)
btnStop.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 200, width: 150, height: 50)
btnStop.backgroundColor = .red
self.view.addSubview(btnStop)
btnStop.addTarget(self, action: #selector(btnStopClick(btn:)), for: UIControl.Event.touchUpInside)
btnStop.setTitle("停止广播", for: UIControl.State.normal)
btnStop.setTitleColor(.black, for: UIControl.State.normal)
peripheralManager = CBPeripheralManager(delegate: self, queue: nil, options: nil)
}
@objc func btnClick(btn:UIButton){
print("开始广播")
// sendNotification()
changeIbeacon()
}
@objc func btnStopClick(btn:UIButton){
print("停止广播")
// sendNotification()
peripheralManager.stopAdvertising()
}
func changeIbeacon(){
let proximityUUID = UUID(uuidString: "644C651A-0DAC-47BB-9E48-78FFAC66F3CF")
let beaconRegion = CLBeaconRegion(proximityUUID: proximityUUID!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 10)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 10)!, identifier: "BCTest")
let beaconPeripheraData = beaconRegion.peripheralData(withMeasuredPower: nil)
print("开始广播")
peripheralManager.startAdvertising((beaconPeripheraData as! [String : Any]))
// else {
// peripheralManager.stopAdvertising()
// }
}
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 5) {
// print("DispatchQueue")
}
}
}
extension ViewController: CBPeripheralManagerDelegate {
func peripheralManagerDidUpdateState(_ peripheral: CBPeripheralManager) {
print("peripheralManagerDidUpdateState")
}
}
ibeacon处理代码：
权限请求：在info.plist中添加NSLocationAlwaysAndWhenInUseUsageDescription,NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription，NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription，请求地理位置权限。
import UIKit
import CoreLocation
let Beacon_Device_UUID = "644C651A-0DAC-47BB-9E48-78FFAC66F3CF"
class ViewController: UIViewController {
var btn:UIButton = UIButton.init()
//懒加载
lazy var locationManager: CLLocationManager = {
let loca = CLLocationManager()
loca.distanceFilter = kCLDistanceFilterNone//更新距离精度
loca.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest//所需的位置精度
loca.pausesLocationUpdatesAutomatically = false//指定位置更新可能会在可能的情况下自动暂停（应用处于后台时系统进行电量节省行为的处理设置）
// if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {
// locationManager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true//后台运行，对于ios9或更高版本，默认为no
// }
//
loca.delegate = self
return loca
}()
lazy var beaconRegion: CLBeaconRegion = {
// 监听所有UUID为Beacon_Device_UUID的Beacon设备
let beacon = CLBeaconRegion(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, identifier: "BCTest")
// // 监听UUID为Beacon_Device_UUID，major为666的所有Beacon设备
// let beacon = CLBeaconRegion(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, identifier: "BCTest")
// // 监听UUID为Beacon_Device_UUID，major为666，minor为999的唯一一个Beacon设备
// let beacon2 = CLBeaconRegion(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!, identifier: "BCTest")
//应用程序将被启动并通过 locationManager:didDetermineState:forRegion 通知代理,当设备的屏幕打开并且用户在该区域时。 默认情况下，这是 NO。
beacon.notifyEntryStateOnDisplay = true
return beacon
}()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
btn.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 100, width: 150, height: 50)
btn.backgroundColor = .red
self.view.addSubview(btn)
btn.setTitle("ibeacon测试", for: UIControl.State.normal)
btn.setTitleColor(.black, for: UIControl.State.normal)
// 在开始监控之前，我们需要判断改设备是否支持，和区域权限请求
let availableMonitor = CLLocationManager.isMonitoringAvailable(for: CLBeaconRegion.self)
if availableMonitor {
let authorizationStatus = CLLocationManager.authorizationStatus()
switch authorizationStatus {
case .notDetermined:
locationManager.requestAlwaysAuthorization()
case .denied:
print("权限受限制")
case .authorizedWhenInUse, .authorizedAlways:
locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
//此处beaconConstraint和创建beacon处保持一致
let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
// let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!)
// let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!)
locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon启动时扫描")
default:
break
}
} else {
print("该设备不支持 CLBeaconRegion 区域检测")
}
}
}
extension ViewController: CLLocationManagerDelegate {
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
localNotification(title: "test", body: "位置更新了")
}
//当授权状态或accuracyAuthorization 属性改变时调用
func locationManagerDidChangeAuthorization(_ manager: CLLocationManager) {
if #available(iOS 14.0, *) {
if manager.authorizationStatus == .authorizedAlways || manager.authorizationStatus == .authorizedWhenInUse{
//此处beaconConstraint和创建beacon处保持一致
let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
// let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!)
// let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!)
locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon开始扫描")
}
} else {
let state: CLAuthorizationStatus = CLLocationManager.authorizationStatus()
if state == .authorizedAlways || state == .authorizedWhenInUse{
let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon开始扫描")
}
}
}
// func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didChangeAuthorization status: CLAuthorizationStatus) {
// if status == .authorizedAlways || status == .authorizedWhenInUse {
// //此处beaconConstraint和创建beacon处保持一致
// let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!)
//// let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!)
//// let beaconConstraint = CLBeaconIdentityConstraint(uuid: UUID(uuidString: Beacon_Device_UUID)!, major: CLBeaconMajorValue(exactly: 666)!, minor: CLBeaconMinorValue(exactly: 999)!)
// locationManager.startMonitoring(for: beaconRegion)
// locationManager.startRangingBeacons(satisfying: beaconConstraint)
// localNotification(title: "test", body: "ibeacon开始扫描")
// }
// }
// pragma mark -- Monitoring
/** 进入区域 */
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didEnterRegion region: CLRegion) {
localNotification(title: "test", body: "你已经进入监控区域")
}
/** 离开区域 */
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didExitRegion region: CLRegion) {
localNotification(title: "test", body: "你已经离开监控区域")
}
/** Monitoring有错误产生时的回调 */
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, monitoringDidFailFor region: CLRegion?, withError error: Error) {
localNotification(title: "test", body: "Monitoring有错")
}
/** Monitoring 成功回调 */
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didStartMonitoringFor region: CLRegion) {
localNotification(title: "test", body: "开始监听")
}
// pragma mark -- Ranging
/** 1秒钟执行1次 ,只要进入iBeacon的范围，就能唤醒 App（大约10秒钟）*/
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didRangeBeacons beacons: [CLBeacon], in region: CLBeaconRegion) {
for beacon in beacons {
print("rssis is:\(beacon.rssi)")
print("beacon proximity :\(beacon.proximity)")
print(" accuracy : \(beacon.accuracy)")
print("proximityUUID : \(beacon.uuid)")
print("major : \(beacon.major.intValue)")
print("minor : \(beacon.minor.intValue)")
// localNotification(title: "test", body: "扫描到ibeacon：uuid=\(beacon.proximityUUID)")
// localNotification(title: "test", body: "距离变化")
}
}
/** ranging有错误产生时的回调 */
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, rangingBeaconsDidFailFor region: CLBeaconRegion, withError error: Error) {
localNotification(title: "test", body: "rangingBeaconsDidFailFor")
}
/** 杀掉进程之后的回调，直接锁屏亮锁会触发,在ibeacon基站边缘时会触发 */
func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didDetermineState state: CLRegionState, for region: CLRegion) {
//发送本地通知
print("jsc====app被ibeacon唤醒")
var str: String?
switch state.rawValue {
case 0:
str = "未知位置"
case 1:
str = "范围内"
case 2:
str = "范围外"
default:
str = "其他"
}
localNotification(title: "test", body: "app被唤醒，位置信息: \(str!)")
}
// MARK: - 发送本地通知
func localNotification(title: String, body: String, dateComponents: DateComponents? = nil, userInfo : [AnyHashable : Any]? = nil) {
if #available(iOS 10, *) {
let content = UNMutableNotificationContent()
content.title = title
content.body = body
content.userInfo = userInfo ?? [:]
var trigger: UNNotificationTrigger?
if let dataCompontnts = dateComponents {
trigger = UNCalendarNotificationTrigger(dateMatching: dataCompontnts, repeats: false)
}
let random = Int(arc4random_uniform(999999999))
let request = UNNotificationRequest(identifier: "id\(random)", content: content, trigger: trigger)
UNUserNotificationCenter.current().add(request, withCompletionHandler: { error in
print(error ?? "error:nil")
})
} else {
let localNotification = UILocalNotification()
localNotification.fireDate = dateComponents?.date ?? Date()
localNotification.alertBody = body
localNotification.alertTitle = title
localNotification.userInfo = userInfo
localNotification.timeZone = NSTimeZone.default
localNotification.soundName = UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName
UIApplication.shared.scheduleLocalNotification(localNotification)
}
}
}
记得AppDelegate注册通知来调试验证：
import UIKit
@main
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {
var window: UIWindow?
func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {
// Override point for customization after application launch.
// MARK: - 注册本地通知
regisigerNotification(application)
return true
}
func regisigerNotification(_ application: UIApplication){
// UNUserNotificationCenter.current().requestAuthorization(options: [.alert, .badge, .sound]) { success, error in
// if !success {
// NSLog("本地通知未打开，请授权APP使用您的本地通知")
// }
// }
if #available(iOS 10.0, *) {
let center = UNUserNotificationCenter.current()
center.delegate = self
center.requestAuthorization(options: [.alert, .sound, .badge]) { (granted: Bool, error: Error?) in
DispatchQueue.main.async {
if granted { application.registerForRemoteNotifications() }
}
}
} else {
let settings = UIUserNotificationSettings(types: [.alert, .sound, .badge], categories: nil)
application.registerForRemoteNotifications()
application.registerUserNotificationSettings(settings)
}
}
func application(_ application: UIApplication, didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken deviceToken: Data) {
NSLog("通知注册完毕")
}
func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError error: Error) {
NSLog("通知注册失败error:\(error)")
}
func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, willPresent notification: UNNotification, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptions.alert)
}
}
ps:注册通知时注意了，如果是ios10.0以上，则必须实现func userNotificationCenter此方法，因为center.delegate = self，否则是不会有通知下发的。
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