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【Android进阶】RecyclerView之ItemDeco

【Android进阶】RecyclerView之ItemDeco

作者: 欢子3824 | 来源:发表于2019-02-27 13:37 被阅读0次

    前言

    RecyclerView 对大家来说,基本使用应该已经比较熟悉,这里就直接跳过,说说ItemDecoration,也算是温故而知新。

    什么是ItemDecoration

    从字面意思来说,就是装饰,装饰RecyclerView 。这个怎么理解?举几个例子就明白了。
    比如说,RecyclerView 如果要加间隔线应该如何做?
    这里就要用到ItemDecoration

     DividerItemDecoration mDivider = new DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL);
     rvDemo.addItemDecoration(mDivider);
    

    DividerItemDecoration 继承于ItemDecoration

    public class DividerItemDecoration extends ItemDecoration {}
    

    如何写出比较炫酷的效果?

    这里就涉及到自定义ItemDecoration

    自定义 ItemDecoration,主要涉及到3个方法

    • 1.getItemOffsets
    public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, 
    @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {}
    

    其中,outRect为该item在上下左右撑开的距离,默认为 0viewitemparentRecyclerView本身;stateRecyclerView状态,也可以通过其在各组件之间传递参数,这里暂时涉及不到

    举个例子

    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#ff0000"
        tools:context=".deco.DecoActivity">
    
        <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/rv_demo"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    
    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
    

    定义一个DemoAdapter,这里使用的是 BaseRecyclerViewAdapterHelper

    public class DemoAdapter extends BaseQuickAdapter<String, BaseViewHolder> {
    
    
        public DemoAdapter(@Nullable List<String> data) {
            super(R.layout.item_demo, data);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void convert(BaseViewHolder helper, String item) {
            helper.setText(R.id.tv_demo, item);
        }
    }
    

    然后组装数据,添加ItemDecoration

             List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
    
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                list.add("第" + i + "个item");
            }
    
            DemoAdapter demoAdapter = new DemoAdapter(list);
            rvDemo.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
            rvDemo.addItemDecoration(new DemoDecoration());
            rvDemo.setAdapter(demoAdapter);
    

    DemoDecoration#getItemOffsets

              @Override
            public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
                super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
                //outRect就是表示在item的上下左右所撑开的距离,默认值为0
                outRect.set(10, 20, 30, 40);
          }
    
    image.png

    可以看到,每个item都会执行getItemOffsets方法,所以,我们可以用这个,为RecyclerView添加间隔线。
    比如设置bottom为1,这里就不演示了,有兴趣的同学可以自己试试。

    • 2.onDraw
     public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView
                    parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {}
    

    其中,cgetItemOffsets所撑开区域的画布,可以在区域内任意绘图,区域外的话,会被item所遮挡。

    举个例子,

            @Override
            public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView
                    parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
                super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
                //getItemOffsets撑开的空白区域所对应的画布,可以在getItemOffsets所撑出来的区域任意绘图。
    
              c.drawCircle(50, 50, 30, mPaint);
          }
    
           @Override
            public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
                super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
                //outRect就是表示在item的上下左右所撑开的距离,默认值为0
              outRect.set(100, 0, 0, 5);
    }
    

    效果图如下


    image.png

    可以看到,onDraw方法只会执行一次,如果要每个item 前都绘制一个圆,怎么写?

             @Override
            public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
                 int itemCount = parent.getChildCount();
    
                for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
                        View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                        int cx = child.getWidth() / 2;
                        int cy = child.getTop() + child.getHeight() / 2;
                        c.drawCircle(cx, cy, 30, mPaint);
                    }
                }
    }
    

    效果图如下


    image.png

    结合这2个方法,我们是不是可以做个分组效果?先看效果图


    image.png
    
     public DemoDecoration() {
                mPaint = new Paint();
                mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
                mPaint.setTextSize(DensityUtils.dp2px(DecoActivity.this, 16));
            }
      @Override
            public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
                super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
                //outRect就是表示在item的上下左右所撑开的距离,默认值为0
    
                int index = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view);
                if (index % 3 == 0) {
                    outRect.set(0, 100, 0, 5);
                } else {
                    outRect.set(0, 0, 0, 5);
                }
            }
            @Override
            public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView
                    parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
                super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
                //getItemOffsets撑开的空白区域所对应的画布,可以在getItemOffsets所撑出来的区域任意绘图。
                int itemCount = parent.getChildCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
                    View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                    int cx = child.getWidth() / 2 - 50;
                    int cy = child.getTop() - 50 + DensityUtils.dp2px(DecoActivity.this, 16) / 2;
                    int index = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(child);
                    if (index % 3 == 0) {
                        String text = "第" + index / 3 + "组";
                        c.drawText(text, 0, text.length(), cx, cy, mPaint);
                    }
                }
    
            }
    

    当然,分组的标题位置算的不太准备,这里只是展示下效果。比较理想的效果,可以参考【Android视图效果】分组列表实现吸顶效果

    • 3.onDrawOver
    public void onDrawOver(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {}
    

    onDrawOveronDraw类似,也只会执行一次,并且它是最后绘制的,可以绘制到item上面。

         @Override
            public void onDrawOver(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
                super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state);
    
                int itemCount = parent.getChildCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
                    View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                    int cx = child.getWidth() / 2;
                    int cy = child.getTop() + child.getHeight()/2 ;
                    c.drawCircle(cx, cy, 30, mPaint);
                }
    
            }
    

    效果图如下


    image.png

    这个方法又可以做什么效果呢?先看效果图


    image.png

    可以看到,列表的最上边有一个渐隐效果。
    完整代码如下

    public class TransDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
        private Paint mPaint;
        private Xfermode xfermode;
        private LinearGradient linearGradient;
        private int layerId;
    
        public TransDecoration() {
            mPaint = new Paint();
            xfermode = new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_IN);
            linearGradient = new LinearGradient(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 100.0f, new int[]{0, Color.BLACK}, null, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
            // 此处 Paint的参数这里传的null, 在传入 mPaint 时会出现第一次打开黑屏闪现的问题
            // 注意 saveLayer 不能省也不能移动到onDrawOver方法里
            layerId = c.saveLayer(0.0f, 0.0f, (float) parent.getWidth(), (float) parent.getHeight(), null, Canvas.ALL_SAVE_FLAG);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDrawOver(@NonNull Canvas canvas, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state);
            mPaint.setXfermode(xfermode);
            mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
            canvas.drawRect(0.0f, 0.0f, parent.getRight(), 200.0f, mPaint);
            mPaint.setXfermode(null);
            canvas.restoreToCount(layerId);
        }
    }
    

    其中,PorterDuffXfermode为图像的混合模式,详情可参考各个击破搞明白PorterDuff.Mode
    LinearGradient为渐变效果,详情可参考自定义控件三部曲之绘图篇(十九)——LinearGradient与闪动文字效果

    完整源码 PicRvDemo

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