在使用Row和Colum时,如果子widget超出屏幕范围,则会报溢出错误。如下代码就会报错:
Row(
children: <Widget>[
const FlutterLogo(),
const Text("Flutter's hot reload helps you quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bug faster. Experience sub-second reload times, without losing state, on emulators, simulators, and hardware for iOS and Android."),
const Icon(Icons.sentiment_very_satisfied),
],
)
运行效果图如下:

因为Row默认只有一行,右边溢出部分报错。如果超出屏幕不会折行。我们把超出屏幕显示范围会自动折行的布局称为流式布局。Flutter中通过Wrap和Flow来支持流式布局,将上面代码中的Row换成Wrap或者Expanded后溢出部分则会自动折行。
1.Wrap
源码如下:
Wrap({
...
this.direction = Axis.horizontal,
this.alignment = WrapAlignment.start,
this.spacing = 0.0,
this.runAlignment = WrapAlignment.start,
this.runSpacing = 0.0,
this.crossAxisAlignment = WrapCrossAlignment.start,
this.textDirection,
this.verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down,
List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[],
})
Wrap的很多属性在Row(包括Flex和Column)中也有,如direction、crossAxisAlignment、textDirection、verticalDirection等,这些参数意义是相同的。Wrap特有的几个属性:
- spacing
主轴方向子widget的间距 - runSpacing
纵轴方向的间距 - runAlignment
纵轴方向的对齐方式
代码示例:
class WrapDemo extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Wrap(
spacing: 8.0,
runSpacing: 4.0,
alignment: WrapAlignment.spaceBetween,
children: <Widget>[
Chip(
avatar: CircleAvatar(
backgroundColor: Colors.blue, child: Text('AH')),
label: Text('Hamilton'),
),
Chip(
avatar: CircleAvatar(
backgroundColor: Colors.blue, child: Text('ML')),
label: Text('Lafayette'),
),
Chip(
avatar: CircleAvatar(
backgroundColor: Colors.blue, child: Text('HM')),
label: Text('Mulligan'),
),
Chip(
avatar: CircleAvatar(
backgroundColor: Colors.blue, child: Text('JL')),
label: Text('Laurens'),
),
],
);
}
}
代码运行效果图如下:

2.Flow
Flow主要用于一些需要自定义布局或性能要求较高(如动画中)的场景。Flow有如下优点:
- 性能好
Flow是一个对子组件尺寸以及位置调整非常高效的控件,Flow用转换矩阵在对子组件进行位置调整的时候进行了优化:在Flow定位过后,如果子组件的尺寸或者位置发生了变化,在FlowDelegate中的paintChildren()方法中调用context.paintChild 进行重绘,而context.paintChild在重绘时使用了转换矩阵,并没有实际调整组件位置。 - 灵活
由于我们需要自己实现FlowDelegate的paintChildren()方法,所以我们需要自己计算每一个组件的位置,因此,可以自定义布局。
缺点:
- 使用复杂
- 不能自适应子组件大小,必须通过指定父容器大小或实现TestFlowDelegate的getSize返回固定大小。
代码示例:
class FlowDemo extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Flow(
delegate: TestFlowDelegate(margin: EdgeInsets.all(5.0)),
children: <Widget>[
Container(width: 80.0, height: 80.0, color: Colors.red),
Container(width: 80.0, height: 80.0, color: Colors.green),
Container(width: 80.0, height: 80.0, color: Colors.blue),
Container(width: 80.0, height: 80.0, color: Colors.yellow),
Container(width: 80.0, height: 80.0, color: Colors.brown),
Container(width: 80.0, height: 80.0, color: Colors.purple),
],
);
}
}
class TestFlowDelegate extends FlowDelegate {
EdgeInsets margin = EdgeInsets.zero;
TestFlowDelegate({this.margin});
@override
void paintChildren(FlowPaintingContext context) {
var x = margin.left;
var y = margin.top;
// 计算每一个子widget的位置
for (int i = 0; i < context.childCount; i++) {
var w = context.getChildSize(i).width + x + margin.right;
if (w < context.size.width) {
context.paintChild(I,
transform: new Matrix4.translationValues(x, y, 0.0));
x = w + margin.left;
} else {
x = margin.left;
y += context.getChildSize(i).height + margin.top + margin.bottom;
// 绘制子widget
context.paintChild(I,
transform: new Matrix4.translationValues(x, y, 0.0));
x += context.getChildSize(i).width + margin.left + margin.right;
}
}
}
@override
getSize(BoxConstraints constraints) {
// 指定Flow的大小
return Size(double.infinity, 200.0);
}
@override
bool shouldRepaint(FlowDelegate oldDelegate) {
return oldDelegate != this;
}
}
代码运行效果图如下:

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