系动词
Linking Verb,顾名思义起到连接词与词使其构成完整句子的作用。
状态系动词
只有be一个,用来表示动词(句子)所处的状态(时态、语态)。
持续系动词
表示主语继续或保持某种状况或态度,主要有 keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand 如:
- He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默.
- The door remained closed.门仍然关着.
- He stayed single.他仍然是单身.
表象系动词
表示“看起来好像(似乎是)”,主要有 seem, appear, look 等,如:
- He looks tired.他看起来很累.
- He seems (to be) quite happy.他好像很快活.
- He appeared quite well.他显得身体相当好.
感官系动词
表示“…起来”,有 feel(摸起来,感觉) ,smell(闻起来) ,sound(听起来) ,taste(尝起来,吃起来) ,look(看起来)等,如:
- This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很软.
- It sounds good idea.听起来不错.
- This food tastes good.这菜好吃.
变化系动词
表示主语变成什么样了,主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, 如:
- He became mad.他疯了.
- She had grown thinner and thinner.她越来越瘦了.
- The milk will soon turn sour.牛奶很快就会变酸.
- Several people fell ill.几个人生病了.
- We get wiser as we get old.随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了.
- She went pale at the news.听到这消息,她脸色变得苍白.
终止系动词
主要有 prove, turn out (结果是,证明是) 等,如:
His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的.
My intuition turned out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的.
使役动词
表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有 leave(离开)get(得到)make(使,令)let(让)help(帮助)have(有;让;从事;允许;拿)等。
不完全及物动词是指,加了宾语后意思仍不完全需要加上补语(adj./adv.),如:
- He makes me(宾格) laugh. 他使我发笑
- I helped him repair the car. 我帮他修车
- Please have him come here. 请他来我这
类似的分类还有:
- 完全及物动词,这类动词相当多,也比较简单(主谓宾),如 I love you;
- 完全不及物动词, 不加宾语意思就很完整的动词,如 I laugh;
- 不完全不及物动词, 最常见的就是系动词;
- 授予动词, 需要接两个宾语的动词,如 allow,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise等。
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