使用Java实现串口通信

作者: 容华谢后 | 来源:发表于2016-10-17 16:57 被阅读1393次

    1.介绍

    使用Java实现的串口通信程序,支持十六进制数据的发送与接收。
    源码下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/download/kong_gu_you_lan/10015803
    效果图如下:

    串口通信

    2.RXTXcomm

    Java串口通信依赖的jar包RXTXcomm.jar
    下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/kong_gu_you_lan/9611334

    内含32位与64位版本
    使用方法:
    拷贝 RXTXcomm.jar 到 JAVA_HOME\jre\lib\ext目录中;
    拷贝 rxtxSerial.dll 到 JAVA_HOME\jre\bin目录中;
    拷贝 rxtxParallel.dll 到 JAVA_HOME\jre\bin目录中;
    JAVA_HOME为jdk安装路径

    3.串口通信管理

    SerialPortManager实现了对串口通信的管理,包括查找可用端口、打开关闭串口、发送接收数据。

    package com.yang.serialport.manage;
    
    import gnu.io.CommPort;
    import gnu.io.CommPortIdentifier;
    import gnu.io.NoSuchPortException;
    import gnu.io.PortInUseException;
    import gnu.io.SerialPort;
    import gnu.io.SerialPortEventListener;
    import gnu.io.UnsupportedCommOperationException;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    import java.util.TooManyListenersException;
    
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.NoSuchPort;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.NotASerialPort;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.PortInUse;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.ReadDataFromSerialPortFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.SendDataToSerialPortFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.SerialPortInputStreamCloseFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.SerialPortParameterFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.TooManyListeners;
    
    /**
     * 串口管理
     * 
     * @author yangle
     */
    public class SerialPortManager {
    
        /**
         * 查找所有可用端口
         * 
         * @return 可用端口名称列表
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public static final ArrayList<String> findPort() {
            // 获得当前所有可用串口
            Enumeration<CommPortIdentifier> portList = CommPortIdentifier
                    .getPortIdentifiers();
            ArrayList<String> portNameList = new ArrayList<String>();
            // 将可用串口名添加到List并返回该List
            while (portList.hasMoreElements()) {
                String portName = portList.nextElement().getName();
                portNameList.add(portName);
            }
            return portNameList;
        }
    
        /**
         * 打开串口
         * 
         * @param portName
         *            端口名称
         * @param baudrate
         *            波特率
         * @return 串口对象
         * @throws SerialPortParameterFailure
         *             设置串口参数失败
         * @throws NotASerialPort
         *             端口指向设备不是串口类型
         * @throws NoSuchPort
         *             没有该端口对应的串口设备
         * @throws PortInUse
         *             端口已被占用
         */
        public static final SerialPort openPort(String portName, int baudrate)
                throws SerialPortParameterFailure, NotASerialPort, NoSuchPort,
                PortInUse {
            try {
                // 通过端口名识别端口
                CommPortIdentifier portIdentifier = CommPortIdentifier
                        .getPortIdentifier(portName);
                // 打开端口,设置端口名与timeout(打开操作的超时时间)
                CommPort commPort = portIdentifier.open(portName, 2000);
                // 判断是不是串口
                if (commPort instanceof SerialPort) {
                    SerialPort serialPort = (SerialPort) commPort;
                    try {
                        // 设置串口的波特率等参数
                        serialPort.setSerialPortParams(baudrate,
                                SerialPort.DATABITS_8, SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,
                                SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);
                    } catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {
                        throw new SerialPortParameterFailure();
                    }
                    return serialPort;
                } else {
                    // 不是串口
                    throw new NotASerialPort();
                }
            } catch (NoSuchPortException e1) {
                throw new NoSuchPort();
            } catch (PortInUseException e2) {
                throw new PortInUse();
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 关闭串口
         * 
         * @param serialport
         *            待关闭的串口对象
         */
        public static void closePort(SerialPort serialPort) {
            if (serialPort != null) {
                serialPort.close();
                serialPort = null;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 向串口发送数据
         * 
         * @param serialPort
         *            串口对象
         * @param order
         *            待发送数据
         * @throws SendDataToSerialPortFailure
         *             向串口发送数据失败
         * @throws SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure
         *             关闭串口对象的输出流出错
         */
        public static void sendToPort(SerialPort serialPort, byte[] order)
                throws SendDataToSerialPortFailure,
                SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure {
            OutputStream out = null;
            try {
                out = serialPort.getOutputStream();
                out.write(order);
                out.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new SendDataToSerialPortFailure();
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (out != null) {
                        out.close();
                        out = null;
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure();
                }
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 从串口读取数据
         * 
         * @param serialPort
         *            当前已建立连接的SerialPort对象
         * @return 读取到的数据
         * @throws ReadDataFromSerialPortFailure
         *             从串口读取数据时出错
         * @throws SerialPortInputStreamCloseFailure
         *             关闭串口对象输入流出错
         */
        public static byte[] readFromPort(SerialPort serialPort)
                throws ReadDataFromSerialPortFailure,
                SerialPortInputStreamCloseFailure {
            InputStream in = null;
            byte[] bytes = null;
            try {
                in = serialPort.getInputStream();
                // 获取buffer里的数据长度
                int bufflenth = in.available();
                while (bufflenth != 0) {
                    // 初始化byte数组为buffer中数据的长度
                    bytes = new byte[bufflenth];
                    in.read(bytes);
                    bufflenth = in.available();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new ReadDataFromSerialPortFailure();
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (in != null) {
                        in.close();
                        in = null;
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new SerialPortInputStreamCloseFailure();
                }
            }
            return bytes;
        }
    
        /**
         * 添加监听器
         * 
         * @param port
         *            串口对象
         * @param listener
         *            串口监听器
         * @throws TooManyListeners
         *             监听类对象过多
         */
        public static void addListener(SerialPort port,
                SerialPortEventListener listener) throws TooManyListeners {
            try {
                // 给串口添加监听器
                port.addEventListener(listener);
                // 设置当有数据到达时唤醒监听接收线程
                port.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);
                // 设置当通信中断时唤醒中断线程
                port.notifyOnBreakInterrupt(true);
            } catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
                throw new TooManyListeners();
            }
        }
    }
    

    4.程序主窗口

    /*
     * MainFrame.java
     *
     * Created on 2016.8.19
     */
    
    package com.yang.serialport.ui;
    
    import gnu.io.SerialPort;
    import gnu.io.SerialPortEvent;
    import gnu.io.SerialPortEventListener;
    
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
    import java.awt.Point;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JComboBox;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JLabel;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
    import javax.swing.JTextArea;
    import javax.swing.JTextField;
    
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.NoSuchPort;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.NotASerialPort;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.PortInUse;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.SendDataToSerialPortFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.SerialPortParameterFailure;
    import com.yang.serialport.exception.TooManyListeners;
    import com.yang.serialport.manage.SerialPortManager;
    import com.yang.serialport.utils.ByteUtils;
    import com.yang.serialport.utils.ShowUtils;
    
    /**
     * 主界面
     * 
     * @author yangle
     */
    public class MainFrame extends JFrame {
    
        /**
         * 程序界面宽度
         */
        public static final int WIDTH = 500;
    
        /**
         * 程序界面高度
         */
        public static final int HEIGHT = 360;
    
        private JTextArea dataView = new JTextArea();
        private JScrollPane scrollDataView = new JScrollPane(dataView);
    
        // 串口设置面板
        private JPanel serialPortPanel = new JPanel();
        private JLabel serialPortLabel = new JLabel("串口");
        private JLabel baudrateLabel = new JLabel("波特率");
        private JComboBox commChoice = new JComboBox();
        private JComboBox baudrateChoice = new JComboBox();
    
        // 操作面板
        private JPanel operatePanel = new JPanel();
        private JTextField dataInput = new JTextField();
        private JButton serialPortOperate = new JButton("打开串口");
        private JButton sendData = new JButton("发送数据");
    
        private List<String> commList = null;
        private SerialPort serialport;
    
        public MainFrame() {
            initView();
            initComponents();
            actionListener();
            initData();
        }
    
        private void initView() {
            // 关闭程序
            setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            // 禁止窗口最大化
            setResizable(false);
    
            // 设置程序窗口居中显示
            Point p = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment()
                    .getCenterPoint();
            setBounds(p.x - WIDTH / 2, p.y - HEIGHT / 2, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
            this.setLayout(null);
    
            setTitle("串口通讯");
        }
    
        private void initComponents() {
            // 数据显示
            dataView.setFocusable(false);
            scrollDataView.setBounds(10, 10, 475, 200);
            add(scrollDataView);
    
            // 串口设置
            serialPortPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("串口设置"));
            serialPortPanel.setBounds(10, 220, 170, 100);
            serialPortPanel.setLayout(null);
            add(serialPortPanel);
    
            serialPortLabel.setForeground(Color.gray);
            serialPortLabel.setBounds(10, 25, 40, 20);
            serialPortPanel.add(serialPortLabel);
    
            commChoice.setFocusable(false);
            commChoice.setBounds(60, 25, 100, 20);
            serialPortPanel.add(commChoice);
    
            baudrateLabel.setForeground(Color.gray);
            baudrateLabel.setBounds(10, 60, 40, 20);
            serialPortPanel.add(baudrateLabel);
    
            baudrateChoice.setFocusable(false);
            baudrateChoice.setBounds(60, 60, 100, 20);
            serialPortPanel.add(baudrateChoice);
    
            // 操作
            operatePanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("操作"));
            operatePanel.setBounds(200, 220, 285, 100);
            operatePanel.setLayout(null);
            add(operatePanel);
    
            dataInput.setBounds(25, 25, 235, 20);
            operatePanel.add(dataInput);
    
            serialPortOperate.setFocusable(false);
            serialPortOperate.setBounds(45, 60, 90, 20);
            operatePanel.add(serialPortOperate);
    
            sendData.setFocusable(false);
            sendData.setBounds(155, 60, 90, 20);
            operatePanel.add(sendData);
        }
    
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        private void initData() {
            commList = SerialPortManager.findPort();
            // 检查是否有可用串口,有则加入选项中
            if (commList == null || commList.size() < 1) {
                ShowUtils.warningMessage("没有搜索到有效串口!");
            } else {
                for (String s : commList) {
                    commChoice.addItem(s);
                }
            }
    
            baudrateChoice.addItem("9600");
            baudrateChoice.addItem("19200");
            baudrateChoice.addItem("38400");
            baudrateChoice.addItem("57600");
            baudrateChoice.addItem("115200");
        }
    
        private void actionListener() {
            serialPortOperate.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if ("打开串口".equals(serialPortOperate.getText())
                            && serialport == null) {
                        openSerialPort(e);
                    } else {
                        closeSerialPort(e);
                    }
                }
            });
    
            sendData.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    sendData(e);
                }
            });
        }
    
        /**
         * 打开串口
         * 
         * @param evt
         *            点击事件
         */
        private void openSerialPort(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
            // 获取串口名称
            String commName = (String) commChoice.getSelectedItem();
            // 获取波特率
            int baudrate = 9600;
            String bps = (String) baudrateChoice.getSelectedItem();
            baudrate = Integer.parseInt(bps);
    
            // 检查串口名称是否获取正确
            if (commName == null || commName.equals("")) {
                ShowUtils.warningMessage("没有搜索到有效串口!");
            } else {
                try {
                    serialport = SerialPortManager.openPort(commName, baudrate);
                    if (serialport != null) {
                        dataView.setText("串口已打开" + "\r\n");
                        serialPortOperate.setText("关闭串口");
                    }
                } catch (SerialPortParameterFailure e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (NotASerialPort e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (NoSuchPort e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (PortInUse e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    ShowUtils.warningMessage("串口已被占用!");
                }
            }
    
            try {
                SerialPortManager.addListener(serialport, new SerialListener());
            } catch (TooManyListeners e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 关闭串口
         * 
         * @param evt
         *            点击事件
         */
        private void closeSerialPort(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
            SerialPortManager.closePort(serialport);
            dataView.setText("串口已关闭" + "\r\n");
            serialPortOperate.setText("打开串口");
        }
    
        /**
         * 发送数据
         * 
         * @param evt
         *            点击事件
         */
        private void sendData(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
            // 输入框直接输入十六进制字符,长度必须是偶数
            String data = dataInput.getText().toString();
            try {
                SerialPortManager.sendToPort(serialport,
                        ByteUtils.hexStr2Byte(data));
            } catch (SendDataToSerialPortFailure e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        private class SerialListener implements SerialPortEventListener {
            /**
             * 处理监控到的串口事件
             */
            public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent serialPortEvent) {
    
                switch (serialPortEvent.getEventType()) {
    
                case SerialPortEvent.BI: // 10 通讯中断
                    ShowUtils.errorMessage("与串口设备通讯中断");
                    break;
    
                case SerialPortEvent.OE: // 7 溢位(溢出)错误
    
                case SerialPortEvent.FE: // 9 帧错误
    
                case SerialPortEvent.PE: // 8 奇偶校验错误
    
                case SerialPortEvent.CD: // 6 载波检测
    
                case SerialPortEvent.CTS: // 3 清除待发送数据
    
                case SerialPortEvent.DSR: // 4 待发送数据准备好了
    
                case SerialPortEvent.RI: // 5 振铃指示
    
                case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY: // 2 输出缓冲区已清空
                    break;
    
                case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE: // 1 串口存在可用数据
                    byte[] data = null;
                    try {
                        if (serialport == null) {
                            ShowUtils.errorMessage("串口对象为空!监听失败!");
                        } else {
                            // 读取串口数据
                            data = SerialPortManager.readFromPort(serialport);
                            dataView.append(ByteUtils.byteArrayToHexString(data,
                                    true) + "\r\n");
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        ShowUtils.errorMessage(e.toString());
                        // 发生读取错误时显示错误信息后退出系统
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String args[]) {
            java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    new MainFrame().setVisible(true);
                }
            });
        }
    }
    

    5.写在最后

    本文Demo下载

    GitHub传送门

    欢迎同学们吐槽评论,如果你觉得本篇博客对你有用,那么就留个言或者点下喜欢吧(^-^)

    感谢:
    http://www.cnblogs.com/Dreamer-1/p/5523046.html

    相关文章

      网友评论

      • 0637281a1290:嗨,运行了你的程序,界面出来了,但是当我输数据(AA BB CC 01 00 00 01 DD EE FF)进去的时候,报错。
        报错如下:
        Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: " B"
        at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(Unknown Source)

        请问要怎么处理,还是说输入的格式不对。
        容华谢后:@王朋飞_dd2c 输入的格式不对,需要去掉空格

      本文标题:使用Java实现串口通信

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