Information system , Business an

By Nico/Yuwan Zhang

Some people identify information system as one kind of technology ,however information system is not only relate to technology but also  people , business processes and so on ,since information system is a complex and difficult subject because it include people who are complex.The relationship between Information system ,business and technology is interdependence , for instance ,the success of long-term business development depends heavily on the quality of information system and technology nowadays . 

What Is an Information System?

Information systems incorporatesthe technology, people and business processes involved with information, exposed to every stakeholders to support the diffusion of information.

Information systems is set of interrelated compunents , collect , store , process and distribute information to support decision making , coordination , cooperation ,risk control ,analysis visualization and so on .

As we know , the key difference between data and information is value , data are streams of raw facts ,all information are data , nonetheless , once data being shaped into meaningful form to us it will be information .

The organization or enterprise need the information which being provided by the information system , the activities which happen in the information system include :

Input: Captures raw data from organization or external environment 

Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form

Output: Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it

Information system not only contains information about an organization or a frim but also informtion about its surrounding environment such as customers, suppliers, partners, competitors, stockholders and so on ,they also interact with the organization and system. what's more,environments generally change faster than organizations ,so Information systems can be instrument of environmental scanning.

Normally we can receive feedbacks through output stage ,since we can use the feedbacks to help evaluate or correct the input stage in which the efficiency and effectiveness of information system will upgrade continually.

IT(Information Technology) is one part of information system

Information technology is the design and implementation of information, or data, within the information system.

Information technology include all the hardware and software which are technical infrastructrue and tools to build a information system similar to the material and tools to build a house . The goal to apply the information technology is to achieve the firm's business objectives. Without proper IT infrastructure , the strategy of business and IT will not be exploited properly right now.

Thus information system isn't just technology .

Information system support the development of business

Businesses: can be seen as collection of business processes which include the flows of material , information ,knowledge and sets of primary and support activities that are performed to create, deliver and support a product or service.

The classical view of a business is based on the functions that people perform such as accounting ,finance ,marketing ,operations ,human resources .With the development Information technology ,the world has been flattened ，in which case , the development of business must interdependent on the information system and technology.

Changes in business level such as  strategy, rules, and processes increasingly require changes in information technologies such as  hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications .

Nowadays ,what the organization would like to do depends on what its systems will permit it to do.”Information system is instrument for creating value in which it leads to better decisions, greater efficiency, increased productivity , higher profits and superior long-term strategic positioning. 

It has been notified that businesses are collection of business processes , information system can improve business processes in two ways , include :

Increasing efficiency of existing processes ,for example,supplement the manual work with automating steps to reduce the budget and increase the accuracy.

Enabling new processes , for example adoption of new technology can support the new business models  , change the flow of information and knowledge and eliminate delays in decision making .

References

Colisto, N. R. (2012). The CIO playbook: Strategies and best practices for IT leaders to deliver value (Vol. 585). John Wiley & Sons. Heller, M. (2016). CIO Paradox: Battling the Contradictions of It Leadership. Routledge. Lane, D. (2011). The Chief Information Officer's Body of Knowledge: People, Process, and Technology (Vol. 571). John Wiley & Sons. McAfee, A., and Brynjolfsson, E. (2012). Big Data: The Management Revolution. Harvard Business Review 90:60¿ 68. Smith, G. S. (2011). Straight to the top: Becoming a world-class CIO. John Wiley & Sons. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Planning, 43: 172-194 Waller, G., Rubenstrunk, K., & Hallenbeck, G. (2010). The CIO edge: Seven leadership skills you need to drive results. Harvard Business Press