正文
There's a scientific reason you crave junk food when you don't get enough sleep
科学解释为什么当你睡眠不足时,你会想吃垃圾食品
It's 3 a.m. You get up and stumble to the kitchen for some warm milk mom swears will put you to sleep.
现在是凌晨 3 点,你从床上爬起来,恍恍惚惚地走到厨房拿些热牛奶,你妈妈曾经发誓,喝了热牛奶,你就能睡着。
So why are you eating a bowl of ice cream with a side of cookies?
那么,为什么你正捧着一碗冰淇淋,旁边还放着些饼干呢?
You may have heard about two hormones that control our urge to eat: leptin and ghrelin.
你可能听说过两种控制我们进食欲望的激素:瘦素和胃饥饿素。
"The 'l' in leptin stands for lose: It suppresses appetite and therefore contributes to weight loss," said sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta. "The 'g' in ghrelin stands for gain: This fast-acting hormone increases hunger and leads to weight gain."
睡眠专家拉吉·达斯古普塔博士说:“瘦素中的‘l’代表瘦:它抑制食欲,因此有助于减重;胃饥饿素中的‘g’代表增重,这种快速见效的激素会增加饥饿感,从而导致体重增加。”
When you're sleep deprived, research shows, ghrelin levels spike while leptin takes a nose dive. The result is an increase in hunger.
研究表明,当你缺乏睡眠的时候,胃饥饿素的水平会上升,而瘦素会急剧下降,其结果就是你会变得越来越饿。
But food is food, so that doesn't explain why we crave candy instead of carrots. To answer that, you have to look at another system of the body: The endocannabinoid system.
但是这只能说明,为什么我们会渴望食物,而并不能解释为什么我们更想吃糖,而不是胡萝卜。要回答这个问题,你必须留心一下人体的另一个系统:内源性大麻素系统。
In a study published in 2016, behavioral neuroscientist Erin Hanlon compared the circulating levels of 2-AG, one of the most abundant endocannabinoids, in people who got four nights of normal sleep (more than eight hours) to people who only got 4.5 hours.
在 2016 年的一项研究中,行为神经科学家艾琳·汉仑比较了两组人群体内的 2-AG 循环水平(2-AG 是人体内含量最丰富的内源性大麻素之一)。在这两组人群当中,一组人群有 4 个晚上的正常睡眠(每晚睡眠时间超过 8 小时),另外一组人群每晚的睡眠时间只有 4.5 小时。
People who were sleep-deprived reported greater increases in hunger and appetite and had higher afternoon concentrations of 2-AG than those who slept well. They also had a rough time controlling their urges for high-carb, high-calorie snacks.
结果显示,缺乏睡眠的人和睡眠时间更长的人群比起来,Ta 们饿得快,食欲也更大,另外,到了下午,他们体内的 2-AG 浓度也更高。同时,缺乏睡眠的人还很难控制自己对高碳水、高热量零食的渴望.
All of this research is so new that science doesn't yet know how it all fits together or what can be done about it. There's not gonna be a pill any time soon for the sleep-deprived junk-food junkies that we are. Instead, you'll have to do what the doctor says to reduce your illicit cravings in the middle of the night: Get more sleep.
所有这些研究都非常前沿,以至于科学界还不知道这些研究能如何被结合起来,也不知道这样的实验结果能被拿来做些什么。短期内是不会有什么药片能来医治我们这些睡眠不足的垃圾食品“瘾君子”的。因此,你必须听医生的话,多睡点觉,来减少自己半夜变身“垃圾食品狂魔”的欲望。
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主编:阿唔、Roxy
品控:Lala
审核:Jack
重点词汇
crave
/kreɪv/
v. 渴望,热望;难以抑制的渴求
英文释义:have a great desire for sth.
例句: I crave a cup of coffee.
相关词汇:craving(n. 强烈的愿望,渴望)
例句:I have a craving for a cup of coffee.
junk
/dʒʌŋk/
n. 废弃的旧东西;破烂;蹩脚货
搭配短语:junk e-mails
搭配短语:a junk shop
搭配短语:space junk
文化补充:在 14 世纪的时候,junk 专门指航海时用的旧绳子,那时在大海上航行有很多不确定因素,何年何月才能看到陆地,进行补给,全都是未知数,所以,任何物资都要充分利用,旧绳子 junk 在那个时代还是非常有用的物件。在 17 世纪的大航海时代的后期,人类有了更丰富的航海经验,旧绳子在船上的地位也因此逐渐下降,被当做是没有用的东西了,junk 的词义也因此发生了转变,变成了 old refuse from boats and ships,也就是船上的废物。19 世纪时,随着工业化的进一步发展,junk 的词义变得越来越丰富,它不仅仅表示船上的废物,也表示所有的废物,所有的垃圾,直到现在。
stumble
/ˈstʌm.bəl/
v. 跌跌撞撞地走;磕磕巴巴地说;不顺畅地演奏
搭配短语:stumble and fall
搭配短语:stumble over words
相关词汇:hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia(n. 长单词恐惧症)
词根词缀:hippopot-(河马;大的)
词根词缀:monstro(怪异,可怕)
词根词缀:sesquipedali(很长的,有很多音节的)
词根词缀:-phobia(恐惧症)
leptin
/ˈlep.tɪn/
n. 瘦素
ghrelin
/ˈɡrel.ɪn/
n. 饥饿素
suppress
/səˈpres/
v. 抑制,忍住,压抑
词根词缀:sup-(向下)
相关词汇:press(v. 压)
例句:I was unable to suppress my anger.
例句: I have to suppress a sneeze in a quiet theater./ I have to control my urge to sneeze in a quiet theater.
deprive
/dɪˈpraɪv/
v. 夺走,抢去,剥夺
英文释义:to take something away from
例句:The prisoners are deprived of their basic rights.
例句:Children are deprived of a happy childhood.
spike
/spaɪk/
v. 上升至非常高的数量(价格或程度)
词性拓展:spike(n. 尖头,尖刺)
例句:The price of Bitcoin spiked to a one-month high recently.
take a nose dive
暴跌
近义词:plunge
例句:The stock price took a nose dive.
例句:He took a nose dive.
abundant
/əˈbʌn.dənt/
adj. 大量的;充足的;丰富的
英文释义:more than enough
例句:The food was abundant and delicious.
high-carb
/haɪ kɑːrb/
adj. 高碳水化合物的
相关词汇:carb(n. 碳水化合物)
全称:carbohydrate
junkie
/ˈdʒʌŋ.ki/
n. 上瘾的人;瘾君子
英文释义:someone who wants to have or do something all the time
例句:My mom's a TV junkie.
例句:She is a party junkie.
illicit
/ɪˈlɪs.ɪt/
adj. 非法的;违禁的;社会不容许的
英文释义:unlawful, forbidden
搭配短语:illicit trade
搭配短语:illicit profits
搭配短语:an illicit love affair
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