概述
Room持久性库在SQLite的基础上提供了一个抽象层,让用户能够在充分利用SQLite的强大功能的同时,获享更强健的数据库访问机制。
添加依赖
在app的build.gradle中添加如下依赖:
def room_version ="2.2.6"
implementation"androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version"
annotationProcessor"androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version" // For Kotlin use kapt instead of annotationProcessor
// Test helpers
testImplementation"androidx.room:room-testing:$room_version"
在app的build.gradle文件中,配置schemaLocation选项为app/schemas,方便我们查看数据库架构信息。
defaultConfig{
...
//指定room.schemaLocation生成的文件路径
javaCompileOptions{
annotationProcessorOptions{
arguments =["room.schemaLocation":"$projectDir/schemas".toString()]
}
}
}
等我们创建好表和数据库等信息的时候,编译一下,会在app/schemas目录下生成这样的Json文件。
QQ20210715-103958@2x.png
创建一个实体类,对应数据库中的一张表
@Entity(tableName ="User" ,indices ={@Index(value ={"user_name"}, unique =true)})//数据库实体
public class User {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate =true)
private long id;
@ColumnInfo(name ="user_name")
private String name;
@ColumnInfo(name ="user_gender")
private String gender;
private int age;
private int type;
public User() {
}
public User(long id,String name,String gender,int age,int type) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.type = type;
}
public User(String name,String gender,int age,int type) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.type = type;
}
-
@Entity:注解的类对应数据库中的一张表,我们可以指定表名,如果不指定的话,默认是类的名字。
-
@PrimaryKey:每一个表都需要一个主键,这点需要注意,Room就是根据主键是否相同来判断是否是同一个对象。
-
@ColumnInfo:指定类的属性在表中列的名字,如果不指定,默认就是属性名。
-
注意,存储在数据库中的类属性可见性必须是public的。
创建DAO(data access object)
DAO必须是接口或者抽象类,Room使用注解帮我们生成访问数据库的代码,感觉和Retrofit有类似之处。接下来我们创建一个DAO类,具有简单的增删改查的功能。
@Dao //Database access object 数据库访问接口 所有增删改查等操作都在此声明
public interface UserDao {
// long 表示插入数据后返回的id
@Insert(onConflict =OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
void insertUser(User... user);
// int 影响的行数
@Update
int updateUser(User... user);
@Delete
int deleteUser(User... user);
@Query("DELETE FROM USER")
void deleteUser();
@Query("SELECT * FROM USER ORDER BY ID DESC")
List<User> getAllUser();
@Query("SELECT * FROM USER ORDER BY ID DESC")
LiveData<List<User>> getAllUserLive();
}
添加Room数据库
//exportSchema = false 是不会导出 schemas json 结构
@Database(entities ={User.class}, version =2, exportSchema =true)
public abstract class UserDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
public abstract UserDao getUserDao();
private static UserDatabase userDatabase;
synchronized public static UserDatabase getUserDatabase(Context context) {
if (null ==userDatabase) {
userDatabase =Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(),UserDatabase.class,"android_room_dev.db")
.allowMainThreadQueries()
.addMigrations(migration) //保留原有数据
.build();
}
return userDatabase;
}
static final Migration migration =new Migration(1,2) {
@Override
public void migrate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE user ADD COLUMN type INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1");
//sqlLet没有删除字段语句,只能创建新的数据库定义需要的字段,将原有数据库数据复制过去,删除旧数据库后再将新数据库重命名
}
};
}
Room数据库必须是一个继承自RoomDatabase的抽象类。通常情况下应用内应该只有一个Room数据库实例。
在demo中的简单使用
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
TextView tvAdd;
TextView tvUpdate;
TextView tvDelete;
TextView tvQuery;
TextView tvQueryAll;
TextView tvContent;
UserDatabase userDatabase;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
userDatabase =UserDatabase.getUserDatabase(this);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tvAdd = findViewById(R.id.tv_add);
tvUpdate = findViewById(R.id.tv_update);
tvDelete = findViewById(R.id.tv_delete);
tvQuery = findViewById(R.id.tv_query);
tvQueryAll = findViewById(R.id.tv_queryAll);
tvContent = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
UserDao userDao =userDatabase.getUserDao();
LiveData<List<User>> listLiveData =userDao.getAllUserLive();
listLiveData.observe(this,new Observer<List<User>>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(List<User> users) {
String s ="";
for (int i =0; i < users.size(); i++) {
User user = users.get(i);
s +="姓名:" +user.getName() +"性别:" +user.getGender() +"年龄:" +user.getAge() +"类型:" +user.getType() +"\n";
}
tvContent.setText(s);
}
});
tvAdd.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
User user =new User();
user.setName("张三" +new Random().nextInt(100));
user.setAge(new Random().nextInt(100));
user.setGender(new Random().nextInt(1) +"");
user.setType(new Random().nextInt(9));
userDao.insertUser(user);
}
});
tvUpdate.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
List<User> users =userDao.getAllUser();
User user =users.get(0);
user.setName("玛丽哈利");
userDao.updateUser(user);
}
});
tvDelete.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
List<User> users =userDao.getAllUser();
if(users!=null &&users.size()>0){
User user =users.get(0);
userDao.deleteUser(user);
}
}
});
tvQuery.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
List<User> users =userDao.getAllUser();
String s ="";
for (int i =0; I
User user =users.get(i);
s +="姓名:" +user.getName() +"性别:" +user.getGender() +"年龄:" +user.getAge() +"类型:" +user.getType() +"\n";
}
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,s,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
tvQueryAll.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
}
});
}
}
```**概述**
Room持久性库在SQLite的基础上提供了一个抽象层,让用户能够在充分利用SQLite的强大功能的同时,获享更强健的数据库访问机制。
**添加依赖**
在app的build.gradle中添加如下依赖:
def room_version ="2.2.6"
implementation"androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version"
annotationProcessor"androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version" // For Kotlin use kapt instead of annotationProcessor
// Test helpers
testImplementation"androidx.room:room-testing:$room_version"
**在app的build.gradle文件中,配置schemaLocation选项为app/schemas,方便我们查看数据库架构信息。**
defaultConfig{
...
//指定room.schemaLocation生成的文件路径
javaCompileOptions{
annotationProcessorOptions{
arguments =["room.schemaLocation":"$projectDir/schemas".toString()]
}
}
}
等我们创建好表和数据库等信息的时候,编译一下,会在app/schemas目录下生成这样的Json文件。
【 ! + [图片名称] + (https://img.haomeiwen.com/i7182690/7cae1e445eb5801c.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1200) 】
**创建一个实体类,对应数据库中的一张表**
@Entity(tableName ="User" ,indices ={@Index(value ={"user_name"}, unique =true)})//数据库实体
public class User {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate =true)
private long id;
@ColumnInfo(name ="user_name")
private String name;
@ColumnInfo(name ="user_gender")
private String gender;
private int age;
private int type;
public User() {
}
public User(long id,String name,String gender,int age,int type) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.type = type;
}
public User(String name,String gender,int age,int type) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.type = type;
}
+ @Entity:注解的类对应数据库中的一张表,我们可以指定表名,如果不指定的话,默认是类的名字。
+ @PrimaryKey:每一个表都需要一个主键,这点需要注意,Room就是根据主键是否相同来判断是否是同一个对象。
+ @ColumnInfo:指定类的属性在表中列的名字,如果不指定,默认就是属性名。
+ 注意,存储在数据库中的类属性可见性必须是public的。
**创建DAO(data access object)**
DAO必须是接口或者抽象类,Room使用注解帮我们生成访问数据库的代码,感觉和Retrofit有类似之处。接下来我们创建一个DAO类,具有简单的增删改查的功能。
@Dao //Database access object 数据库访问接口 所有增删改查等操作都在此声明
public interface UserDao {
// long 表示插入数据后返回的id
@Insert(onConflict =OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
void insertUser(User... user);
// int 影响的行数
@Update
int updateUser(User... user);
@Delete
int deleteUser(User... user);
@Query("DELETE FROM USER")
void deleteUser();
@Query("SELECT * FROM USER ORDER BY ID DESC")
List<User> getAllUser();
@Query("SELECT * FROM USER ORDER BY ID DESC")
LiveData<List<User>> getAllUserLive();
}
**添加Room数据库**
//exportSchema = false 是不会导出 schemas json 结构
@Database(entities ={User.class}, version =2, exportSchema =true)
public abstract class UserDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
public abstract UserDao getUserDao();
private static UserDatabase userDatabase;
synchronized public static UserDatabase getUserDatabase(Context context) {
if (null ==userDatabase) {
userDatabase =Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(),UserDatabase.class,"android_room_dev.db")
.allowMainThreadQueries()
.addMigrations(migration) //保留原有数据
.build();
}
return userDatabase;
}
static final Migration migration =new Migration(1,2) {
@Override
public void migrate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE user ADD COLUMN type INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1");
//sqlLet没有删除字段语句,只能创建新的数据库定义需要的字段,将原有数据库数据复制过去,删除旧数据库后再将新数据库重命名
}
};
}
Room数据库必须是一个继承自RoomDatabase的抽象类。通常情况下应用内应该只有一个Room数据库实例。
**在demo中的简单使用**
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
TextView tvAdd;
TextView tvUpdate;
TextView tvDelete;
TextView tvQuery;
TextView tvQueryAll;
TextView tvContent;
UserDatabase userDatabase;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
userDatabase =UserDatabase.getUserDatabase(this);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tvAdd = findViewById(R.id.tv_add);
tvUpdate = findViewById(R.id.tv_update);
tvDelete = findViewById(R.id.tv_delete);
tvQuery = findViewById(R.id.tv_query);
tvQueryAll = findViewById(R.id.tv_queryAll);
tvContent = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
UserDao userDao =userDatabase.getUserDao();
LiveData<List<User>> listLiveData =userDao.getAllUserLive();
listLiveData.observe(this,new Observer<List<User>>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(List<User> users) {
String s ="";
for (int i =0; i < users.size(); i++) {
User user = users.get(i);
s +="姓名:" +user.getName() +"性别:" +user.getGender() +"年龄:" +user.getAge() +"类型:" +user.getType() +"\n";
}
tvContent.setText(s);
}
});
tvAdd.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
User user =new User();
user.setName("张三" +new Random().nextInt(100));
user.setAge(new Random().nextInt(100));
user.setGender(new Random().nextInt(1) +"");
user.setType(new Random().nextInt(9));
userDao.insertUser(user);
}
});
tvUpdate.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
List<User> users =userDao.getAllUser();
User user =users.get(0);
user.setName("玛丽哈利");
userDao.updateUser(user);
}
});
tvDelete.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
List<User> users =userDao.getAllUser();
if(users!=null &&users.size()>0){
User user =users.get(0);
userDao.deleteUser(user);
}
}
});
tvQuery.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
List<User> users =userDao.getAllUser();
String s ="";
for (int i =0; I
User user =users.get(i);
s +="姓名:" +user.getName() +"性别:" +user.getGender() +"年龄:" +user.getAge() +"类型:" +user.getType() +"\n";
}
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,s,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
tvQueryAll.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
}
});
}
}
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