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SpringBoot -- 01 -- 启动加载类Command

SpringBoot -- 01 -- 启动加载类Command

作者: dinel | 来源:发表于2020-04-21 09:42 被阅读0次

    前言:

    Spring Boot如何解决项目启动时初始化资源,在我们实际工作中,总会遇到这样需求,在项目启动的时候需要做一些初始化的操作,比如初始化线程池,提前加载好加密证书等。

    为了达到这个目的,我们需要使用CommandLineRunner或ApplicationRunner接口创建bean,spring boot会自动监测到它们。这两个接口都有一个run()方法,在实现接口时需要覆盖该方法,并使用@Component注解使其成为bean。

    CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner的作用是相同的。不同之处在于CommandLineRunner接口的run()方法接收String数组作为参数,即是最原始的参数,没有做任何处理;而ApplicationRunner接口的run()方法接收ApplicationArguments对象作为参数,是对原始参数做了进一步的封装。

    当程序启动时,我们传给main()方法的参数可以被实现CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner接口的类的run()方法访问,即可接收启动服务时传过来的参数。我们可以创建多个实现CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner接口的类。为了使他们按一定顺序执行,可以使用@Order注解或实现Ordered接口。

    Maven配置

    pom.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.concretepage</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-demo</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
        <name>spring-demo</name>
        <description>Spring Boot Demo Project</description>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies> 
        <build>
            <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>
    
    

    CommandLineRunner:

    run(String... args)
    

    参数为String数组。

    CommandLineRunnerBean.java:

    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class CommandLineRunnerBean implements CommandLineRunner {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommandLineRunnerBean.class);  
    
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) {
            String strArgs = Arrays.stream(args).collect(Collectors.joining("|"));
            logger.info("Application started with arguments:" + strArgs);
        }
    } 
    
    

    MyApplication.java:

    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
    import com.concretepage.service.HelloService;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class MyApplication {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyApplication.class);
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
            HelloService service =  context.getBean(HelloService.class);
            logger.info(service.getMessage());
            }       
    }
    
    
    

    我们也可以创建一个service。一旦Spring boot启动完成service就会执行。这意味着SpringApplication.run()执行完成后service的方法就会执行。
    HelloService.java:

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class HelloService {
        public String getMessage(){
            return "Hello World!";
        }
    }
    
    

    现在使用带有参数的可执行jar运行程序。spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar为生成的jar文件。执行命令如下:

    java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3
    

    输出结果为:

    2017-03-19 13:38:38.909  INFO 1036 --- [           main] c.c.bean.CommandLineRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
    2017-03-19 13:38:38.914  INFO 1036 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.398 seconds (JVM running for 1.82)
    2017-03-19 13:38:38.915  INFO 1036 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 
    

    ApplicationRunner:

    run(ApplicationArguments args)
    

    可以看到,CommandLineRunner.run()接收String数组作为参数,而ApplicationRunner.run()接收ApplicationArguments作为参数。这些参数是启动spring boot程序时传给main()方法的。

    ApplicationRunnerBean.java:
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class ApplicationRunnerBean implements ApplicationRunner {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApplicationRunnerBean.class);  
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
                String strArgs = Arrays.stream(arg0.getSourceArgs()).collect(Collectors.joining("|"));
                logger.info("Application started with arguments:" + strArgs);
        }
    } 
    

    创建可执行jar包并使用如下参数运行:

    java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3
    

    输出结果为:

    2017-03-19 16:26:06.952  INFO 5004 --- [           main] c.c.bean.ApplicationRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
    2017-03-19 16:26:06.956  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.334 seconds (JVM running for 1.797)
    2017-03-19 16:26:06.957  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 
    

    ApplicationArguments是对参数(main方法)做了进一步的处理,可以解析–name=value的,我们就可以通过name来获取value(而CommandLineRunner只是获取–name=value),可以接收–foo=bar这样的参数。
    –getOptionNames()方法可以得到foo这样的key的集合。
    –getOptionValues(String name)方法可以得到bar这样的集合的value。

    看一个demo:

    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    
    @Component
    public class MyApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner{
    
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("===MyApplicationRunner==="+ Arrays.asList(args.getSourceArgs()));
            System.out.println("===getOptionNames========"+args.getOptionNames());
            System.out.println("===getOptionValues======="+args.getOptionValues("foo"));
            System.out.println("==getOptionValues========"+args.getOptionValues("developer.name"));
        }
    }
    

    创建可执行jar包并使用如下参数运行:

    java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3
    
    

    输出结果为:

    2017-03-19 16:26:06.952  INFO 5004 --- [           main] c.c.bean.ApplicationRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
    2017-03-19 16:26:06.956  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.334 seconds (JVM running for 1.797)
    2017-03-19 16:26:06.957  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 
    
    

    ApplicationArguments是对参数(main方法)做了进一步的处理,可以解析–name=value的,我们就可以通过name来获取value(而CommandLineRunner只是获取–name=value),可以接收–foo=bar这样的参数。
    –getOptionNames()方法可以得到foo这样的key的集合。
    –getOptionValues(String name)方法可以得到bar这样的集合的value。

    看一个demo:

    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    
    @Component
    public class MyApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner{
    
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("===MyApplicationRunner==="+ Arrays.asList(args.getSourceArgs()));
            System.out.println("===getOptionNames========"+args.getOptionNames());
            System.out.println("===getOptionValues======="+args.getOptionValues("foo"));
            System.out.println("==getOptionValues========"+args.getOptionValues("developer.name"));
        }
    }
    
    

    配置参数启动:


    在这里插入图片描述

    运行结果:

    ===MyApplicationRunner===[--foo=bar, --developer.name=xiao.qiang]
    ===getOptionNames========[foo, developer.name]
    ===getOptionValues=======[bar]
    ==getOptionValues========[xiao.qiang]
    
    
    CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner的执行顺序:

    在spring boot程序中,我们可以使用不止一个实现CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner的bean。为了有序执行这些bean的run()方法,可以使用@Order注解或Ordered接口。例子中我们创建了两个实现CommandLineRunner接口的bean和两个实现ApplicationRunner接口的bean。我们使用@Order注解按顺序执行这四个bean。

    CommandLineRunnerBean1.java

    @Component
    @Order(1)
    public class CommandLineRunnerBean1 implements CommandLineRunner {
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) {
            System.out.println("CommandLineRunnerBean 1");
        }
    }
    
    

    ApplicationRunnerBean1.java

    @Component
    @Order(2)
    public class ApplicationRunnerBean1 implements ApplicationRunner {
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("ApplicationRunnerBean 1");
        }
    }
    
    

    CommandLineRunnerBean2.java

    @Component
    @Order(3)
    public class CommandLineRunnerBean2 implements CommandLineRunner {
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) {
            System.out.println("CommandLineRunnerBean 2");
        }
    }
    
    

    ApplicationRunnerBean2.java

    @Component
    @Order(4)
    public class ApplicationRunnerBean2 implements ApplicationRunner {
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("ApplicationRunnerBean 2");
        }
    }
    
    

    输出结果为:

    CommandLineRunnerBean 1
    ApplicationRunnerBean 1
    CommandLineRunnerBean 2
    ApplicationRunnerBean 2
    

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