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mongo分片

mongo分片

作者: 被运维耽误的厨子 | 来源:发表于2020-03-21 11:59 被阅读0次

    第1章 分片的概念

    1.有了副本集,为什么还需要分片?
    副本集资源利用率不高
    分片可以提高资源利用率
    
    2.分片的缺点
    理想情况下需要机器比较多
    配置和运维变得复杂且困难
    提前规划好特别重要,一旦建立后在想改变架构变得很困难
    

    第2章 分片涉及到的名词

    1.路由服务mongos 
    路由服务,提供代理,替用户去向后请求shard分片的数据
    
    2.数据节点shard
    负责处理数据的节点,每个shard都是分片集群的一部分
    
    3.分片配置信息服务器config 
    保存数据分配在哪个shard上
    保存所有shard的配置信
    提供给mongos查询服务
    
    4.片键
    数据存放到哪个shard的区分规则
    片键就是索引
    选择片键的依据:
    能够被经常访问到的字段
    索引字段基数够大
    

    第3章 分片的分类

    1.区间片键

    id  name   host  sex 
    
    1   zhang  SH    boy
    2   ya     BJ    boy 
    3   yaya   SZ    girl
    

    如果以id作为片键:

    id
    1-100   shard1
    100-200 shard2
    200-300 shard3 
    300-+无穷 shard4
    

    如果以host作为片键:

    SH  shard1
    BJ  shard2 
    SZ  shard3 
    

    2.hash片键:

    特点:足够平均,足够随机

    id  name   host  sex 
    1     zhang  SH    boy
    2   ya     BJ    boy 
    3   yaya   SZ    girl
    

    如果以id作为片键:
    索引:id

    1      hash 之后 shard2 
    2    hash 之后 shard3 
    3    hash 之后 shard1 
    

    第4章 IP端口目录规划

    0.分片架构图

    1.IP端口规划

    db01    10.0.0.51   
                Shard1_Master   28100
                Shard3_Slave    28200
                Shard2_Arbiter  28300
                Config Server   40000
                mongos Server   60000
            
    db02    10.0.0.52   
                Shard2_Master   28100
                Shard1_Slave    28200
                Shard3_Arbiter  28300
                Config Server   40000
                mongos Server   60000
            
    db03    10.0.0.53   
                Shard3_Master   28100
                Shard2_Slave    28200
                Shard1_Arbiter  28300
                Config Server   40000
                mongos Server   60000
    

    2.目录规划

    服务目录:

    /opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
    /opt/slave//{conf,log,pid}
    /opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
    /data/config/{conf,log,pid}
    /data/mongos/{conf,log,pid}
    

    数据目录:

    /data/master/
    /data/slave/
    /data/arbiter/
    /data/config/
    

    第5章 分片集群搭建副本集步骤

    0.整体步骤

    1.先搭shard建副本集
    2.搭建config副本集
    3.搭建mongos副本集
    4.数据库启用分片功能
    5.集合设置片键
    6.插入测试数据
    7.检查是否分片
    8.安装图形化工具 
    

    1.安装软件

    注意:db01操作即可

    pkill  mongo
    rm -rf /opt/*
    rm -rf /data
    tar zxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14.tgz -C /opt/
    cd /opt/
    ln -s mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14 mongodb
    rsync -avz /opt/mongodb* db02:/opt/
    rsync -avz /opt/mongodb* db03:/opt/
    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mongodb/bin' >> /etc/profile
    source /etc/profile
    

    2.创建目录

    注意:三台服务器都操作!!!

    mkdir -p /opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
    mkdir -p /opt/slave/{conf,log,pid}
    mkdir -p /opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
    
    mkdir -p /data/master/
    mkdir -p /data/slave/
    mkdir -p /data/arbiter/
    

    3.db01创建配置文件

    master节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/master/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28100
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard1
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    slave节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/slave/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28200
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard3
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    aribiter节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/arbiter/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28300
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard2
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    4.db02创建配置文件

    master节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/master/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28100
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard2
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    slave节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/slave/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28200
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard1
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    aribiter节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/arbiter/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28300
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard3
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    5.db03创建配置文件

    master节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/master/log/mongod.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/master/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28100
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard3
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    slave节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/slave/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28200
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard2
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    aribiter节点配置文件

    cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/arbiter/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 28300
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 1024 
      replSetName: shard1
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: shardsvr
    EOF
    

    6.优化警告

    注意!三台服务器都操作!!!

    echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
    

    7.启动服务

    mongod -f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf 
    mongod -f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf 
    mongod -f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf
    netstat -lntup|grep mongod
    

    8.初始化副本集

    db01 master节点初始化shard1的副本集

    mongo --port 28100
    rs.initiate()
    rs.add("10.0.0.52:28200")
    rs.addArb("10.0.0.53:28300")
    

    db02 master节点初始化shard2的副本集

    mongo --port 28100
    rs.initiate()
    rs.add("10.0.0.53:28200")
    rs.addArb("10.0.0.51:28300")
    

    db03 master节点初始化shard3的副本集

    mongo --port 28100
    rs.initiate()
    rs.add("10.0.0.51:28200")
    rs.addArb("10.0.0.52:28300")
    

    9.检查命令

    mongo --port 28100
    rs.status()
    

    第6章 分片集群搭建config步骤

    1.创建目录

    mkdir -p /opt/config/{conf,log,pid}
    mkdir -p /data/config/
    

    2.创建配置文件

    cat >/opt/config/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/config/log/mongodb.log
    
    storage:
      journal:
        enabled: true
      dbPath: /data/config/
      directoryPerDB: true
    
      wiredTiger:
        engineConfig:
          cacheSizeGB: 0.5
          directoryForIndexes: true
        collectionConfig:
          blockCompressor: zlib
        indexConfig:
          prefixCompression: true
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/config/pid/mongod.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 40000
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    replication:
      replSetName: configset
    
    sharding:
      clusterRole: configsvr
    EOF
    

    3.启动

    mongod -f /opt/config/conf/mongod.conf
    

    4.初始化副本集

    mongo --port 40000
    rs.initiate()
    rs.add("10.0.0.52:40000")
    rs.add("10.0.0.53:40000")
    rs.status()
    

    第7章 分片集群搭建mongos配置

    1.创建目录

    mkdir -p /opt/mongos/{conf,log,pid}
    

    2.创建配置文件

    cat >/opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf  <<EOF   
    systemLog:
      destination: file 
      logAppend: true 
      path: /opt/mongos/log/mongos.log
    
    processManagement:
      fork: true
      pidFilePath: /opt/mongos/pid/mongos.pid
      timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
    
    net:
      port: 60000
      bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
    
    sharding:
      configDB: 
        configset/10.0.0.51:40000,10.0.0.52:40000,10.0.0.53:40000
    EOF
    

    3.启动

    mongos -f /opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf
    

    4.登录mongos

    mongo --port 60000
    

    5.添加分片成员

    use admin
    db.runCommand({addShard:'shard1/10.0.0.51:28100,10.0.0.52:28200,10.0.0.53:28300'})
    db.runCommand({addShard:'shard2/10.0.0.52:28100,10.0.0.53:28200,10.0.0.51:28300'})
    db.runCommand({addShard:'shard3/10.0.0.53:28100,10.0.0.51:28200,10.0.0.52:28300'})
    

    6.查看分片信息

    db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } )
    

    第8章 hash分片配置

    1.数据库开启分片

    mongo --port 60000
    use admin
    db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "oldboy" } )
    

    2.创建索引

    use oldboy
    db.hash.ensureIndex( { id: "hashed" } )
    

    3.集合开启哈希分片

    use admin
    sh.shardCollection( "oldboy.hash", { id: "hashed" } )
    

    4.生成测试数据

    use oldboy
    for(i=1;i<10000;i++){db.hash.insert({"id":i,"name":"shenzheng","age":18});}
    

    5.分片验证

    shard1:
    mongo db01:28100
    use oldboy
    db.hash.count()
    3349
    
    shard2:
    mongo db02:28100
    use oldboy
    db.hash.count()
    3366
    
    shard3:
    mongo db03:28100
    use oldboy
    db.hash.count()
    3284
    

    第9章 分片集群常用管理命令

    1.列出分片所有详细信息

    db.printShardingStatus()
    sh.status()
    

    2.列出所有分片成员信息

    use admin
    db.runCommand({ listshards : 1})
    

    3.列出开启分片的数据库

    use config
    db.databases.find({"partitioned": true })
    

    4.查看分片的片键

    use config
    db.collections.find().pretty()
    

    5.查看集合的分片信息

    db.getCollection('range').getShardDistribution()
    db.getCollection('hash').getShardDistribution()
    

    第11章 正确的启动顺序

    mongos
    所有的config
    所有的master
    所有的arbiter
    所有的slave
    

    第10章 示意图

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