第1章 分片的概念
1.有了副本集,为什么还需要分片?
副本集资源利用率不高
分片可以提高资源利用率
2.分片的缺点
理想情况下需要机器比较多
配置和运维变得复杂且困难
提前规划好特别重要,一旦建立后在想改变架构变得很困难
第2章 分片涉及到的名词
1.路由服务mongos
路由服务,提供代理,替用户去向后请求shard分片的数据
2.数据节点shard
负责处理数据的节点,每个shard都是分片集群的一部分
3.分片配置信息服务器config
保存数据分配在哪个shard上
保存所有shard的配置信
提供给mongos查询服务
4.片键
数据存放到哪个shard的区分规则
片键就是索引
选择片键的依据:
能够被经常访问到的字段
索引字段基数够大
第3章 分片的分类
1.区间片键
id name host sex
1 zhang SH boy
2 ya BJ boy
3 yaya SZ girl
如果以id作为片键:
id
1-100 shard1
100-200 shard2
200-300 shard3
300-+无穷 shard4
如果以host作为片键:
SH shard1
BJ shard2
SZ shard3
2.hash片键:
特点:足够平均,足够随机
id name host sex
1 zhang SH boy
2 ya BJ boy
3 yaya SZ girl
如果以id作为片键:
索引:id
1 hash 之后 shard2
2 hash 之后 shard3
3 hash 之后 shard1
第4章 IP端口目录规划
0.分片架构图
1.IP端口规划
db01 10.0.0.51
Shard1_Master 28100
Shard3_Slave 28200
Shard2_Arbiter 28300
Config Server 40000
mongos Server 60000
db02 10.0.0.52
Shard2_Master 28100
Shard1_Slave 28200
Shard3_Arbiter 28300
Config Server 40000
mongos Server 60000
db03 10.0.0.53
Shard3_Master 28100
Shard2_Slave 28200
Shard1_Arbiter 28300
Config Server 40000
mongos Server 60000
2.目录规划
服务目录:
/opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/slave//{conf,log,pid}
/opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
/data/config/{conf,log,pid}
/data/mongos/{conf,log,pid}
数据目录:
/data/master/
/data/slave/
/data/arbiter/
/data/config/
第5章 分片集群搭建副本集步骤
0.整体步骤
1.先搭shard建副本集
2.搭建config副本集
3.搭建mongos副本集
4.数据库启用分片功能
5.集合设置片键
6.插入测试数据
7.检查是否分片
8.安装图形化工具
1.安装软件
注意:db01操作即可
pkill mongo
rm -rf /opt/*
rm -rf /data
tar zxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14.tgz -C /opt/
cd /opt/
ln -s mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14 mongodb
rsync -avz /opt/mongodb* db02:/opt/
rsync -avz /opt/mongodb* db03:/opt/
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mongodb/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
2.创建目录
注意:三台服务器都操作!!!
mkdir -p /opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/slave/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/master/
mkdir -p /data/slave/
mkdir -p /data/arbiter/
3.db01创建配置文件
master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/master/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28100
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard1
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/slave/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28200
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard3
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/arbiter/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28300
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard2
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
4.db02创建配置文件
master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/master/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28100
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard2
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/slave/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28200
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard1
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/arbiter/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28300
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard3
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
5.db03创建配置文件
master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/master/log/mongod.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/master/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28100
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard3
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/slave/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28200
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard2
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/arbiter/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 28300
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
oplogSizeMB: 1024
replSetName: shard1
sharding:
clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF
6.优化警告
注意!三台服务器都操作!!!
echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
7.启动服务
mongod -f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf
mongod -f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf
mongod -f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf
netstat -lntup|grep mongod
8.初始化副本集
db01 master节点初始化shard1的副本集
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
rs.add("10.0.0.52:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.53:28300")
db02 master节点初始化shard2的副本集
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
rs.add("10.0.0.53:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.51:28300")
db03 master节点初始化shard3的副本集
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
rs.add("10.0.0.51:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.52:28300")
9.检查命令
mongo --port 28100
rs.status()
第6章 分片集群搭建config步骤
1.创建目录
mkdir -p /opt/config/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/config/
2.创建配置文件
cat >/opt/config/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/config/log/mongodb.log
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: /data/config/
directoryPerDB: true
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 0.5
directoryForIndexes: true
collectionConfig:
blockCompressor: zlib
indexConfig:
prefixCompression: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/config/pid/mongod.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 40000
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
replication:
replSetName: configset
sharding:
clusterRole: configsvr
EOF
3.启动
mongod -f /opt/config/conf/mongod.conf
4.初始化副本集
mongo --port 40000
rs.initiate()
rs.add("10.0.0.52:40000")
rs.add("10.0.0.53:40000")
rs.status()
第7章 分片集群搭建mongos配置
1.创建目录
mkdir -p /opt/mongos/{conf,log,pid}
2.创建配置文件
cat >/opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf <<EOF
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /opt/mongos/log/mongos.log
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: /opt/mongos/pid/mongos.pid
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
net:
port: 60000
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
sharding:
configDB:
configset/10.0.0.51:40000,10.0.0.52:40000,10.0.0.53:40000
EOF
3.启动
mongos -f /opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf
4.登录mongos
mongo --port 60000
5.添加分片成员
use admin
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard1/10.0.0.51:28100,10.0.0.52:28200,10.0.0.53:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard2/10.0.0.52:28100,10.0.0.53:28200,10.0.0.51:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard3/10.0.0.53:28100,10.0.0.51:28200,10.0.0.52:28300'})
6.查看分片信息
db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } )
第8章 hash分片配置
1.数据库开启分片
mongo --port 60000
use admin
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "oldboy" } )
2.创建索引
use oldboy
db.hash.ensureIndex( { id: "hashed" } )
3.集合开启哈希分片
use admin
sh.shardCollection( "oldboy.hash", { id: "hashed" } )
4.生成测试数据
use oldboy
for(i=1;i<10000;i++){db.hash.insert({"id":i,"name":"shenzheng","age":18});}
5.分片验证
shard1:
mongo db01:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
3349
shard2:
mongo db02:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
3366
shard3:
mongo db03:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
3284
第9章 分片集群常用管理命令
1.列出分片所有详细信息
db.printShardingStatus()
sh.status()
2.列出所有分片成员信息
use admin
db.runCommand({ listshards : 1})
3.列出开启分片的数据库
use config
db.databases.find({"partitioned": true })
4.查看分片的片键
use config
db.collections.find().pretty()
5.查看集合的分片信息
db.getCollection('range').getShardDistribution()
db.getCollection('hash').getShardDistribution()
第11章 正确的启动顺序
mongos
所有的config
所有的master
所有的arbiter
所有的slave
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