代码解读基于DJango1.5.1
https://github.com/django/django.git
如果你喜欢的话,可以把元类称为“类工厂”(不要和工厂类搞混了:D) type就是Python的内建元类,当然了,你也可以创建自己的元类。
What is a metaclass in Python?
signal dispatching
from django.db.models.signals import m2m_changed
def toppings_changed(sender, **kwargs):
# Do something
pass
m2m_changed.connect(toppings_changed, sender=Pizza.toppings.through)
>>> p = Pizza.objects.create(...)
>>> t = Topping.objects.create(...)
>>> p.toppings.add(t)
the arguments sent to a m2m_changed handler (toppings_changed in the example above) would be:
Argument Value
sender Pizza.toppings.through (the intermediate m2m class)
instance p(the Pizza instance being modified)
action "pre_add"(followed by a separate signal with "post_add")
reverse False(Pizza contains the ManyToManyField(so this call modifies the forward relation)
model Topping(the class of the objects added to the Pizza)
pk_set {t.id}(since only Topping t was added to the relation)
using "default"(since the default router sends writes here)
Signal.connect(receiver, sender=None, weak=True, dispatch_uid=None)
receiver function 有时候也被称为signal handler
Python中的类变量和成员变量
可以发现:python的类变量和C++的静态变量不同,并不是由类的所有对象共享。类本身拥有自己的类变量(保存在内存),当一个TestClass类的对象被构造时,会将当前类变量拷贝一份给这个对象,当前类变量的值是多少,这个对象拷贝得到的类变量的值就是多少;而且,通过对象来修改类变量,并不会影响其他对象的类变量的值,因为大家都有各自的副本,更不会影响类本身所拥有的那个类变量的值;只有类自己才能改变类本身拥有的类变量的值
如何理解 Python 的 Descriptor?
深入解析Python中的descriptor描述器的作用及用法
简明Python魔法-1
简明Python魔法-2
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