Unity自定义SRP(九)：点光和聚光

作者: Dragon_boy | 来源:发表于2021-01-18 18:08 被阅读0次

https://catlikecoding.com/unity/tutorials/custom-srp/point-and-spot-lights/

1 点光

1.1 其它灯光数据

除平行光外，我们至多模拟64个其它类型的光源。Lighting.cs中：

    const int maxDirLightCount = 4, maxOtherLightCount = 64;

我们需要将其它光源的数量、颜色和位置等信息送往GPU:

    static int
        otherLightCountId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightCount"),
        otherLightColorsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightColors"),
        otherLightPositionsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightPositions");

    static Vector4[]
        otherLightColors = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount],
        otherLightPositions = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount];

在SetupLights中，确保只有有光源的时候才将数据送往GPU：

    void SetupLights () 
    {
        NativeArray<VisibleLight> visibleLights = cullingResults.visibleLights;
        int dirLightCount = 0, otherLightCount = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < visibleLights.Length; i++) 
        {
            …
        }

        buffer.SetGlobalInt(dirLightCountId, dirLightCount);
        if (dirLightCount > 0) 
        {
            buffer.SetGlobalVectorArray(dirLightColorsId, dirLightColors);
            buffer.SetGlobalVectorArray(dirLightDirectionsId, dirLightDirections);
            buffer.SetGlobalVectorArray(dirLightShadowDataId, dirLightShadowData);
        }

        buffer.SetGlobalInt(otherLightCountId, otherLightCount);
        if (otherLightCount > 0) 
        {
            buffer.SetGlobalVectorArray(otherLightColorsId, otherLightColors);
            buffer.SetGlobalVectorArray(
                otherLightPositionsId, otherLightPositions
            );
        }
    }

shader层面，在Light.hlsl中定义相应的变量：

#define MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT_COUNT 4
#define MAX_OTHER_LIGHT_COUNT 64

CBUFFER_START(_CustomLight)
    int _DirectionalLightCount;
    float4 _DirectionalLightColors[MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT_COUNT];
    float4 _DirectionalLightDirections[MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT_COUNT];
    float4 _DirectionalLightShadowData[MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT_COUNT];

    int _OtherLightCount;
    float4 _OtherLightColors[MAX_OTHER_LIGHT_COUNT];
    float4 _OtherLightPositions[MAX_OTHER_LIGHT_COUNT];
CBUFFER_END

定义一个获取其它灯光数量的方法：

int GetOtherLightCount () 
{
    return _OtherLightCount;
}

1.2 初始化点光

在Lighting.cs中创建一个SetupPointLight方法，初始化一个点光。其位置可由局部到世界转换矩阵的第4列得到：

    void SetupPointLight (int index, ref VisibleLight visibleLight) 
    {
        otherLightColors[index] = visibleLight.finalColor;
        otherLightPositions[index] = visibleLight.localToWorldMatrix.GetColumn(3);
    }

现在，我们需要修改SetupLights中的循环，根据光源的类型进行不同的选择：

        for (int i = 0; i < visibleLights.Length; i++) 
        {
            VisibleLight visibleLight = visibleLights[i];
            //if (visibleLight.lightType == LightType.Directional) 
            //  {
            //  SetupDirectionalLight(dirLightCount++, ref visibleLight);
            //  if (dirLightCount >= maxDirLightCount) 
            //  {
            //      break;
            //  }
            //}
            switch (visibleLight.lightType) 
            {
                case LightType.Directional:
                    if (dirLightCount < maxDirLightCount) 
                    {
                        SetupDirectionalLight(dirLightCount++, ref visibleLight);
                    }
                    break;
                case LightType.Point:
                    if (otherLightCount < maxOtherLightCount) 
                    {
                        SetupPointLight(otherLightCount++, ref visibleLight);
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }

1.3 着色

在Light.hlsl中创建一个获取其它光数据的GetOtherLight方法：

Light GetOtherLight (int index, Surface surfaceWS, ShadowData shadowData) 
{
    Light light;
    light.color = _OtherLightColors[index].rgb;
    float3 ray = _OtherLightPositions[index].xyz - surfaceWS.position;
    light.direction = normalize(ray);
    light.attenuation = 1.0;
    return light;
}

在GetLighting中添加其它光的循环：

float3 GetLighting (Surface surfaceWS, BRDF brdf, GI gi) 
{
    ShadowData shadowData = GetShadowData(surfaceWS);
    shadowData.shadowMask = gi.shadowMask;
    
    float3 color = IndirectBRDF(surfaceWS, brdf, gi.diffuse, gi.specular);
    for (int i = 0; i < GetDirectionalLightCount(); i++) 
    {
        Light light = GetDirectionalLight(i, surfaceWS, shadowData);
        color += GetLighting(surfaceWS, brdf, light);
    }

    for (int j = 0; j < GetOtherLightCount(); j++) 
    {
        Light light = GetOtherLight(j, surfaceWS, shadowData);
        color += GetLighting(surfaceWS, brdf, light);
    }
    return color;
}

1.4 基于距离的衰减

这里我们进行尝试进行平方衰减， $\frac {i^2} {d^2}$ ，其中 $i$ 是强度， $d$ 是距离：

    float distanceSqr = max(dot(ray, ray), 0.00001);
    light.attenuation = 1.0 / distanceSqr;

1.5 灯光范围

灯光衰减到一定距离就很难察觉，这时可直接将衰减置为0，也就是说我们需要一个最大可影响范围，但在到达范围时不能立即设置为0。Unity的URP使用 $max(0,1-(\frac {d^2} {r^2})^2)^2$ 来得到范围衰减，其中 $r$ 是灯光的范围（球半径）。

我们在灯光位置的第四个组件处存储灯光范围 $\frac {1} {r^2}$ ：

    void SetupPointLight (int index, ref VisibleLight visibleLight) 
    {
        otherLightColors[index] = visibleLight.finalColor;
        Vector4 position = visibleLight.localToWorldMatrix.GetColumn(3);
        position.w =
            1f / Mathf.Max(visibleLight.range * visibleLight.range, 0.00001f);
        otherLightPositions[index] = position;
    }

在GetOtherLight中重新计算衰减：

    float distanceSqr = max(dot(ray, ray), 0.00001);
    float rangeAttenuation = Square(
        saturate(1.0 - Square(distanceSqr * _OtherLightPositions[index].w))
    );
    light.attenuation = rangeAttenuation / distanceSqr;

2 聚光

2.1 方向

聚光除位置等外，还需要方向：

    static int
        otherLightCountId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightCount"),
        otherLightColorsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightColors"),
        otherLightPositionsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightPositions"),
        otherLightDirectionsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightDirections");

    static Vector4[]
        otherLightColors = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount],
        otherLightPositions = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount],
        otherLightDirections = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount];

我们需要将相应的数据送往GPU。

创建一个SetupSpotLight方法，灯光的方向由局部到世界矩阵的第三列取反得到：

    void SetupSpotLight (int index, ref VisibleLight visibleLight) 
    {
        otherLightColors[index] = visibleLight.finalColor;
        Vector4 position = visibleLight.localToWorldMatrix.GetColumn(3);
        position.w =
            1f / Mathf.Max(visibleLight.range * visibleLight.range, 0.00001f);
        otherLightPositions[index] = position;
        otherLightDirections[index] =
            -visibleLight.localToWorldMatrix.GetColumn(2);
    }

在SetupLights的循环中加入聚光支持：

                case LightType.Spot:
                    if (otherLightCount < maxOtherLightCount) 
                    {
                        SetupSpotLight(otherLightCount++, ref visibleLight);
                    }
                    break;

shader方面，加入新数据：

    float4 _OtherLightDirections[MAX_OTHER_LIGHT_COUNT];

衰减方面，我们暂时先用聚光方向和光源到片元方向的点积来模拟：

    float spotAttenuation =
        saturate(dot(_OtherLightDirections[index].xyz, light.direction));
    light.attenuation = spotAttenuation * rangeAttenuation / distanceSqr;

2.2 聚光角

锥形光，外角控制范围，内角来控制灯光衰减的开始角度。URP在使用saturate前先缩放点积并加上一些东西，然后对结果开方， $saturate(da+b)^2$ ，其中 $d$ 是点积， $a=\frac {1} {cos(\frac {r_i} {2}) - cos(\frac {r_o} {2})}$ ， $b = -cos(\frac {r_o} {2})a$ ， $r_i$ 和 $r_o$ 是内角和外角。

我们可以提前计算好 $a$ 和 $b$ ，先声明变量：

    static int
        otherLightCountId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightCount"),
        otherLightColorsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightColors"),
        otherLightPositionsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightPositions"),
        otherLightDirectionsId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightDirections"),
        otherLightSpotAnglesId = Shader.PropertyToID("_OtherLightSpotAngles");

    static Vector4[]
        otherLightColors = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount],
        otherLightPositions = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount],
        otherLightDirections = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount],
        otherLightSpotAngles = new Vector4[maxOtherLightCount];

在SetupSpotLight中，外角可由VisibleLight.spotAngle获得，而内角可由VisibleLight.light.innerSpotAngle获得：

    void SetupSpotLight (int index, ref VisibleLight visibleLight) 
    {
        …

        Light light = visibleLight.light;
        float innerCos = Mathf.Cos(Mathf.Deg2Rad * 0.5f * light.innerSpotAngle);
        float outerCos = Mathf.Cos(Mathf.Deg2Rad * 0.5f * visibleLight.spotAngle);
        float angleRangeInv = 1f / Mathf.Max(innerCos - outerCos, 0.001f);
        otherLightSpots[index] = new Vector4(
            angleRangeInv, -outerCos * angleRangeInv
        );
    }

shader层面，我们应用等式得到聚光衰减：

    float4 spotAngles = _OtherLightSpotAngles[index];
    float spotAttenuation = Square(
        saturate(dot(_OtherLightDirections[index].xyz, light.direction) *
        spotAngles.x + spotAngles.y)
    );
    light.attenuation = spotAttenuation * rangeAttenuation / distanceSqr;

为确保点光不会被聚光衰减影响，我们将聚光角分别设置为0和1：

    void SetupPointLight (int index, ref VisibleLight visibleLight) 
    {
        …
        otherLightSpotAngles[index] = new Vector4(0f, 1f);
    }

2.3 配置内角

Unity默认的灯光组件不能配置聚光内角，为此，我们可以自定义灯光编辑器，新的类需继承LightEditor。加上[CanEditMultipleObjects]确保可修改多个灯光。加上[CustomEditorForRenderPipeline]属性，第一个参数是灯光的类型，第二个参数必须是自定义RP资产的类型：

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEditor;

[CanEditMultipleObjects]
[CustomEditorForRenderPipeline(typeof(Light), typeof(CustomRenderPipelineAsset))]
public class CustomLightEditor : LightEditor {}

然后重写OnInspectorGUI方法，先调用默认的GUI：

    public override void OnInspectorGUI() 
    {
        base.OnInspectorGUI();
    }

我们可通过settings来获得相应的属性，如果只是聚光灯我们就调整内角和外角：

        base.OnInspectorGUI();
        if (
            !settings.lightType.hasMultipleDifferentValues &&
            (LightType)settings.lightType.enumValueIndex == LightType.Spot
        )
        {
            settings.DrawInnerAndOuterSpotAngle();
            settings.ApplyModifiedProperties();
        }

3 烘培光和阴影

3.1 完全烘培

烘培点光和聚光的话会发现比实时光亮不少，这是因为Unity默认使用的光衰减不正确。

3.2 灯光代理

我们可以让Unity使用不同的光衰减值，在Unity于编辑器内执行lightmapping前为本该调用的方法提供一个代理值，为此，我们将CustomRenderPipeline变为一个partial类，构造方法中调用编辑器专属的InitializeForEditor方法：

public partial class CustomRenderPipeline : RenderPipeline 
{

    …

    public CustomRenderPipeline (
        bool useDynamicBatching, bool useGPUInstancing, bool useSRPBatcher,
        ShadowSettings shadowSettings
    ) 
    {
        …
        InitializeForEditor();
    }

    …
}

定义另一个编辑器版本的partial类：

using Unity.Collections;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Experimental.GlobalIllumination;
using LightType = UnityEngine.LightType;

public partial class CustomRenderPipeline 
{

    partial void InitializeForEditor ();
}

我们重写Lightmapper初始化灯光数据的方法，提供一个方法代理，将来自输入Light数组的数据传输到NativeArray<LightDataGI>输出中，代理类型为Lightmapping.RequestLightsDelegate，这里我们使用lambda表达式来定义方法：

partial void InitializeForEditor ();
    
#if UNITY_EDITOR

    static Lightmapping.RequestLightsDelegate lightsDelegate =
        (Light[] lights, NativeArray<LightDataGI> output) => {};

#endif

我们需要为每个灯光配置LightDataGI结构体，并添加到输出中，对每种灯光类型，我们进行不同的操作，默认情况下不烘培光：

    static Lightmapping.RequestLightsDelegate lightsDelegate =
        (Light[] lights, NativeArray<LightDataGI> output) => {
            var lightData = new LightDataGI();
            for (int i = 0; i < lights.Length; i++) 
            {
                Light light = lights[i];
                switch (light.type) 
                {
                    default:
                        lightData.InitNoBake(light.GetInstanceID());
                        break;
                }
                output[i] = lightData;
            }
        };

对每种类型的光，我们调用LightmapperUtils.Extract方法获得灯光结构体数据，然后调用灯光数据的Init方法初始化：

                switch (light.type) 
                {
                    case LightType.Directional:
                        var directionalLight = new DirectionalLight();
                        LightmapperUtils.Extract(light, ref directionalLight);
                        lightData.Init(ref directionalLight);
                        break;
                    case LightType.Point:
                        var pointLight = new PointLight();
                        LightmapperUtils.Extract(light, ref pointLight);
                        lightData.Init(ref pointLight);
                        break;
                    case LightType.Spot:
                        var spotLight = new SpotLight();
                        LightmapperUtils.Extract(light, ref spotLight);
                        lightData.Init(ref spotLight);
                        break;
                    case LightType.Area:
                        var rectangleLight = new RectangleLight();
                        LightmapperUtils.Extract(light, ref rectangleLight);
                        rectangleLight.mode = LightMode.Baked;
                        lightData.Init(ref rectangleLight);
                        break;
                    default:
                        lightData.InitNoBake(light.GetInstanceID());
                        break;
                }

最后，我们修改衰减类型：

                lightData.falloff = FalloffType.InverseSquared;
                output[i] = lightData;

在InitializeForForEditor中我们设置灯光代理：

    partial void InitializeForEditor ();
    
#if UNITY_EDITOR

    partial void InitializeForEditor () 
{
        Lightmapping.SetDelegate(lightsDelegate);
    }

我们还需要重写Dispose方法:

    protected override void Dispose (bool disposing) 
    {
        base.Dispose(disposing);
        Lightmapping.ResetDelegate();
    }

3.3 阴影遮罩

我们添加ReserveOtherShadow方法，目前只支持阴影这招模式，且只考虑配置阴影强度和遮罩通道：

    public Vector4 ReserveOtherShadows (Light light, int visibleLightIndex) {
        if (light.shadows != LightShadows.None && light.shadowStrength > 0f) 
        {
            LightBakingOutput lightBaking = light.bakingOutput;
            if (
                lightBaking.lightmapBakeType == LightmapBakeType.Mixed &&
                lightBaking.mixedLightingMode == MixedLightingMode.Shadowmask
            ) 
            {
                useShadowMask = true;
                return new Vector4(
                    light.shadowStrength, 0f, 0f,
                    lightBaking.occlusionMaskChannel
                );
            }
        }
        return new Vector4(0f, 0f, 0f, -1f);
    }

在SetupPointLight和SetupSpotLight中配置数据：

    void SetupPointLight (int index, ref VisibleLight visibleLight) 
    {
        …
        Light light = visibleLight.light;
        otherLightShadowData[index] = shadows.ReserveOtherShadows(light, index);
    }

    void SetupSpotLight (int index, ref VisibleLight visibleLight) 
    {
        …
        otherLightShadowData[index] = shadows.ReserveOtherShadows(light, index);
    }

shader层面，在Shadows.hlsl中创建OtherShadowData结构体和GetOtherShadowAttenuation方法，目前先使用和平行光阴影相同的处理过程：

struct OtherShadowData 
{
    float strength;
    int shadowMaskChannel;
};

float GetOtherShadowAttenuation (
    OtherShadowData other, ShadowData global, Surface surfaceWS
) 
{
    #if !defined(_RECEIVE_SHADOWS)
        return 1.0;
    #endif
    
    float shadow;
    if (other.strength > 0.0) 
    {
        shadow = GetBakedShadow(
            global.shadowMask, other.shadowMaskChannel, other.strength
        );
    }
    else 
    {
        shadow = 1.0;
    }
    return shadow;
}

Light.hlsl中，加入GetOtherShadowData方法，并在GetOtherLight中配置：

CBUFFER_START(_CustomLight)
    …
    float4 _OtherLightShadowData[MAX_OTHER_LIGHT_COUNT];
CBUFFER_END

…           

OtherShadowData GetOtherShadowData (int lightIndex) 
{
    OtherShadowData data;
    data.strength = _OtherLightShadowData[lightIndex].x;
    data.shadowMaskChannel = _OtherLightShadowData[lightIndex].w;
    return data;
}

Light GetOtherLight (int index, Surface surfaceWS, ShadowData shadowData) 
{
    …
    
    OtherShadowData otherShadowData = GetOtherShadowData(index);
    light.attenuation =
        GetOtherShadowAttenuation(otherShadowData, shadowData, surfaceWS) *
        spotAttenuation * rangeAttenuation / distanceSqr;
    return light;
}

4 逐物体灯光

目前的光照计算都是逐片元的，这对于平行光来说可以接受，但对于其它类型的灯光来说就消耗太大了，毕竟数量很多，而且大部分片元不会受某一光源影响。因此，我们需要减少哪些逐片元计算的光源数量，最简单的方法是使用Unity的逐物体灯光索引。

Unity决定哪些灯光影响每个物体，然后将信息送往GPU，这样对于每个物体我们就只用考虑几个光源，这对于小物体来说很不错，但对于较大的物体来说，会丢失一些光源影响。

4.1 逐物体灯光数据

在CameraRenderer.DrawVisibleGeometry中，添加一个布尔参数来指示是否使用逐物体灯光模式。如果是则开启PerObejctData.LightData和PerObjectData.LightIndices:

    void DrawVisibleGeometry (
        bool useDynamicBatching, bool useGPUInstancing, bool useLightsPerObject
    ) 
    {
        PerObjectData lightsPerObjectFlags = useLightsPerObject ?
            PerObjectData.LightData | PerObjectData.LightIndices :
            PerObjectData.None;
        var sortingSettings = new SortingSettings(camera) {
            criteria = SortingCriteria.CommonOpaque
        };
        var drawingSettings = new DrawingSettings(
            unlitShaderTagId, sortingSettings
        ) {
            enableDynamicBatching = useDynamicBatching,
            enableInstancing = useGPUInstancing,
            perObjectData =
                PerObjectData.ReflectionProbes |
                PerObjectData.Lightmaps | PerObjectData.ShadowMask |
                PerObjectData.LightProbe | PerObjectData.OcclusionProbe |
                PerObjectData.LightProbeProxyVolume |
                PerObjectData.OcclusionProbeProxyVolume |
                lightsPerObjectFlags
        };
        …
    }

CameraRenderer.Render和CustomRenderPipeline中我们都加上对应的参数。

在CustomRenderPipelineAsset中我们加上对应的选项：

    [SerializeField]
    bool
        useDynamicBatching = true,
        useGPUInstancing = true,
        useSRPBatcher = true,
        useLightsPerObject = true;

    [SerializeField]
    ShadowSettings shadows = default;

    protected override RenderPipeline CreatePipeline () 
    {
        return new CustomRenderPipeline(
            useDynamicBatching, useGPUInstancing, useSRPBatcher,
            useLightsPerObject, shadows
        );
    }

4.2 优化灯光索引

Unity为每个物体创建一个灯光列表，按照重要性排序，列表中不管可不可见都会包含，并且包含平行光，因此我们要进行优化，只留下那些可见的非平行光。在SetupLights中进行。在进入循环前，先调用GetLightIndexMap获得灯光索引表：

        NativeArray<int> indexMap = useLightsPerObject ?
            cullingResults.GetLightIndexMap(Allocator.Temp) : default;
        NativeArray<VisibleLight> visibleLights = cullingResults.visibleLights;

我们只需要点光和聚光的索引，不要的灯光的索引设为-1，并修改剩余灯光的索引：

        for (int i = 0; i < visibleLights.Length; i++) 
        {
            int newIndex = -1;
            VisibleLight visibleLight = visibleLights[i];
            switch (visibleLight.lightType) {
                …
                case LightType.Point:
                    if (otherLightCount < maxOtherLightCount) 
                    {
                        newIndex = otherLightCount;
                        SetupPointLight(otherLightCount++, ref visibleLight);
                    }
                    break;
                case LightType.Spot:
                    if (otherLightCount < maxOtherLightCount) 
                    {
                        newIndex = otherLightCount;
                        SetupSpotLight(otherLightCount++, ref visibleLight);
                    }
                    break;
            }
            if (useLightsPerObject) 
            {
                indexMap[i] = newIndex;
            }
        }

不可见光的索引也剔除，在第一次循环后进行（从未重新设置的索引处开始）：

        if (useLightsPerObject) 
        {
            for (; i < indexMap.Length; i++) 
            {
                indexMap[i] = -1;
            }
        }

完成后，我们要修改索引表，然后删除不再使用的表：

        if (useLightsPerObject) 
        {
            for (; i < indexMap.Length; i++) 
            {
                indexMap[i] = -1;
            }
            cullingResults.SetLightIndexMap(indexMap);
            indexMap.Dispose();
        }

记得设置对应的关键字：

    static string lightsPerObjectKeyword = "_LIGHTS_PER_OBJECT";
    
    …
    
    void SetupLights (bool useLightsPerObject) 
    {
        …

        if (useLightsPerObject) 
        {
            for (; i < indexMap.Length; i++) 
            {
                indexMap[i] = -1;
            }
            cullingResults.SetLightIndexMap(indexMap);
            indexMap.Dispose();
            Shader.EnableKeyword(lightsPerObjectKeyword);
        }
        else 
        {
            Shader.DisableKeyword(lightsPerObjectKeyword);
        }
        
        …
    }

4.3 使用索引

使用multi_compile:

            #pragma multi_compile _ _LIGHTS_PER_OBJECT

在UnityPerDraw缓冲中定义灯光数据和灯光索引，unity_LightData的y组件包含灯光数量，unity_LightIndices的两个vector的每个通道包含一个灯光索引：

    real4 unity_WorldTransformParams;

    real4 unity_LightData;
    real4 unity_LightIndices[2];

在GetLighting中，如果定义了_LIGHTS_PER_OBJECT，遍历所有的逐物体光：

    #if defined(_LIGHTS_PER_OBJECT)
        for (int j = 0; j < min(unity_LightData.y, 8); j++) 
        {
            int lightIndex = unity_LightIndices[j / 4][j % 4];
            Light light = GetOtherLight(lightIndex, surfaceWS, shadowData);
            color += GetLighting(surfaceWS, brdf, light);
        }
    #else
        for (int j = 0; j < GetOtherLightCount(); j++) 
        {
            Light light = GetOtherLight(j, surfaceWS, shadowData);
            color += GetLighting(surfaceWS, brdf, light);
        }
    #endif