WPF之路-控件类

作者: 东南有大树 | 来源:发表于2018-09-27 13:48 被阅读23次

    控件类是指与用户有交互作用的控件,例如文本框、按钮等

    设置控件背景颜色

    首先在界面定义一个按钮

    <Window x:Class="WPF_CODE.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
        <Grid>
            <Button Name="btn1" Padding="10" Content="Hello" Width="Auto" Height="Auto" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    

    从后端设置按钮的背景颜色:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Controls;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Documents;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows.Markup;
    using System.Windows.Media;
    using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
    using System.Windows.Navigation;
    using System.Windows.Shapes;
    
    namespace WPF_CODE
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
        /// </summary>
        public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
            public MainWindow()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            //在窗体加载的时候设置按钮的背景
            private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                //Background为背景属性
                //SolidColorBrush是一个实线的画刷类
                //Colors类中内置多种颜色值
                this.btn1.Background = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Green);
            }
        }
    }
    
    

    效果:

    通过XMAL设置:

    <Window x:Class="WPF_CODE.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
        <Grid>
            <!--通过Background来设置背景-->
            <Button Name="btn1" Padding="10" Background="Red" Content="Hello" Width="Auto" Height="Auto" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    

    效果:

    在XMAL中设置背景不需要运行程序即可看到

    设置控件前景色

    从后端写:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Controls;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Documents;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows.Markup;
    using System.Windows.Media;
    using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
    using System.Windows.Navigation;
    using System.Windows.Shapes;
    
    namespace WPF_CODE
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
        /// </summary>
        public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
            public MainWindow()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            //在窗体加载的时候设置按钮的背景
            private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                //Background为背景属性
                //SolidColorBrush是一个实线的画刷类
                //Colors类中内置多种颜色值
                //this.btn1.Background = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Green);
    
                //Foreground为前景色,即字体的颜色
                //SystemColors为系统里的颜色选择器(这是另一个选择)
                this.btn1.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(SystemColors.HighlightColor);
            }
        }
    }
    

    效果:

    从前端写:

    <Window x:Class="WPF_CODE.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
        <Grid>
            <!--通过Foreground来设置前景-->
            <Button Name="btn1" Padding="10" Foreground="Red" Content="Hello" Width="Auto" Height="Auto" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    
    

    效果:

    使用RGB设定颜色

    示例:Color.FromRgb(255, 0, 0)

    this.btn1.Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromRgb(255, 0, 0));
    

    RGB表示红绿蓝三个颜色值,第个值的范围是0~255

    设置字体样式

    字体常用的属性有:

    • FontFamily - 字体家族
    • FontSize - 字体大小
    • FontStyle - 字体样式
    • FontWeight - 字体粗细

    示例:

    FontFamily="宋体, Arial, Arvo" 多个字体名称可以用逗号隔开,从第一个开始匹配

    FontSize="15" 设置字体大小

    `` FontStyle="Italic" ` 设置字体为斜体

    FontWeight="Bold" 设置字体不粗体

    <Window x:Class="WPF_CODE.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
        <Grid>
            <Button Name="btn1" Padding="10" FontFamily="宋体, Arial, Arvo" FontSize="15" FontStyle="Italic" FontWeight="Bold" Background="Green" Foreground="Red" Content="Hello" Width="Auto" Height="Auto" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    

    效果:

    如果不知道系统上的字体都有哪些,可以通过Font.SystemFontFamilies来获取系统上的字体集合

    List<object> list = new List<object>();
    foreach (var item in Fonts.SystemFontFamilies)
    {
        list.Add(item.Source);   
    }
    

    为文字添加下划线,相关属性TextDecorations

    示例:

    <TextBox TextDecorations="underline">Hello</TextBox>
    

    该文本框的里的文字将现出一条下划线

    将外部字体文件添加到代码中

    字体文件的后缀为.ttf,将字体文件加载到项目中,然后通过路径将其赋值给FontFamily属性

    示例:

    <Window x:Class="WPF_CODE.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
        <Grid>
            <TextBox TextDecorations="underline">Hello</TextBox>
    
            <Button Name="btn1" Padding="10" FontFamily="./#Streamster" FontSize="15" FontStyle="Italic" FontWeight="Bold" Background="Green" Foreground="Red" Content="Hello" Width="Auto" Height="Auto" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    

    FontFamily="./#Streamster"文件名不需要加后缀,但是文件名前需要有#符号,这点需要注意

    效果:

    WPF对于小字体呈现不美观

    如果字体小于15,将会出现锯齿边源

    <Window x:Class="WPF_CODE.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
        <Grid>
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
                <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            
            <TextBox Grid.Row="0" FontSize="12">Hello, my name is Jack!</TextBox>
            <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" FontSize="20">Where am I?</TextBlock>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    

    可以看出,小字体明显不如大字体清晰

    可以通过TextOptions.TextFormattingMode属性来进行设置小字体搞锯齿效果

    示例:

    <Window x:Class="WPF_CODE.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
        <Grid>
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
                <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            
            <TextBox Grid.Row="0" FontSize="12" TextOptions.TextFormattingMode="Display">Hello, my name is Jack!</TextBox>
            <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" FontSize="12">Where am I?</TextBlock>
        </Grid>
    </Window>
    

    效果:

    可以看出,同样大小的字体,设置过TextOptions.TextFormattingMode="Display"属性的字体会更清晰一点

    需要注意的是,此属性对于大于15的字体效果不佳

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