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Java程序猿阿谷:闭关修炼21天,“啃完”283页pdf,我终于4面拿下字节跳动offerzhuanlan.zhihu.com
图标 Java程序猿阿谷:47天时间,洒热血复习,我成功“挤进”了字节跳动(附Java面试题+学习笔记+算法刷题)zhuanlan.zhihu.com 图标Springboot 工程中通常都有几个 CommandLineRunner 的实现类,用来在程序启动之后干点什么。但如果使用不当,可能就会发现有的 Runner 在程序启动之后执行了,有的却没有执行,更奇怪的是程序也没有报错。原因就是...
先看现象
假设一个工程中需要用到 3 个 CommandLineRunner, 其中 2 个 runner 需要执行一个 while(true) 循环
代码如下:
@Component
public class Runner1 implements CommandLineRunner {
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
log.info("runner 1 running...");
}
}
@Component
public class Runner2 implements CommandLineRunner {
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
log.info("runner 2 running...")
while(true) {
doSomething();
}
}
}
@Component
public class Runner3 implements CommandLineRunner {
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
log.info("runner 3 running...")
while(true) {
doOtherThing();
}
}
}
程序运行之后 你会发现 Runner2 和 Runnner3 总会有一个不运行,甚至 Runner1 也不运行,但是程序也不报错,怎么回事?
透过本质看现象
是的,先看 CommandLineRunner 是怎么执行的才能知道错在了哪里从而解决这个问题。
CommandLineRunner.java
/**
* Interface used to indicate that a bean should <em>run</em> when it is contained within
* a {@link SpringApplication}. Multiple {@link CommandLineRunner} beans can be defined
* within the same application context and can be ordered using the {@link Ordered}
* interface or {@link Order @Order} annotation.
* <p>
* If you need access to {@link ApplicationArguments} instead of the raw String array
* consider using {@link ApplicationRunner}.
*
* @author Dave Syer
* @since 1.0.0
* @see ApplicationRunner
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface CommandLineRunner {
/**
* Callback used to run the bean.
* @param args incoming main method arguments
* @throws Exception on error
*/
void run(String... args) throws Exception;
}
注释第一句话表示:实现了这个接口的一个 spring bean 在程序启动之后应该 run.
这里的 run 用了 <em> 标签进行了强调,为什么?不着急回答,再往下看 看看 CommandLineRunner 是如何被Spring Boot 执行的...
SpringApplication.java
接下来看看 SpringApplication 这个类的注释信息:
* Class that can be used to bootstrap and launch a Spring application from a Java main
* method. By default class will perform the following steps to bootstrap your
* application:
*
* <ul>
* <li>Create an appropriate {@link ApplicationContext} instance (depending on your
* classpath)</li>
* <li>Register a {@link CommandLinePropertySource} to expose command line arguments as
* Spring properties</li>
* <li>Refresh the application context, loading all singleton beans</li>
* <li>Trigger any {@link CommandLineRunner} beans</li>
* </ul>
从这个注释可以知道,SpringApplication 负责触发所有 CommandLineRunner 的运行。到代码部分,就是下面的几个方法:
- callRunners()
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
}
if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
}
}
}
- callRunner()
private void callRunner(ApplicationRunner runner, ApplicationArguments args) {
try {
(runner).run(args);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to execute ApplicationRunner", ex);
}
}
private void callRunner(CommandLineRunner runner, ApplicationArguments args) {
try {
(runner).run(args.getSourceArgs());
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to execute CommandLineRunner", ex);
}
}
callRunners 负责从上下文中获取到所有 CommandLineRunner 的实现类,循环遍历,对于每一个实现类对象,调用 callRunner 方法进行触发。而在 callRunner 方法中同步执行的是 runner 对象的 run 方法.
到此,答案已经很清晰了,CommandLineRunner 不 run ,或者有的 run 有的不 run,程序也不报错的原因就是:
- 你有多个 CommandLineRunner 的实现类
- 在某个实现类的 run 方法体中调用了同步阻塞的API或者是一个 while(true) 循环
这样就导致了 SpringApplication 在执行这个 run 方法时阻塞,无法继续执行循环中的下一个 runner 的 run 方法。
为了避免程序中犯这个错,一定要记住,
CommandLineRunner != Runnable
CommandLineRunner != Runnable
CommandLineRunner != Runnable
虽然这两个接口都有一个 run 方法,很容易让人理解成一个 CommandLineRunner 就会对应一个线程。NO!
知错就改
对于 Runner1 不需要做任何修改。 对于 Runner2 和 Runner3,需要做以下修改,让 while(true) 循环不阻塞 run 方法的运行即可。
@Component
public class Runner2 implements CommandLineRunner {
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
log.info("runner 2 running...")
new Thread(() -> {
while(true) {
doSomething();
}
}).start();
}
}
@Component
public class Runner3 implements CommandLineRunner {
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
log.info("runner 3 running...")
new Thread(() -> {
while(true) {
doOtherThing();
}
}).start();
}
}
作者:jwenjian
链接:https://juejin.im/post/5e6205b651882549215ce3a9
来源:掘金
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