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Netty 100万级高并发服务器配置

Netty 100万级高并发服务器配置

作者: 程序员日常填坑 | 来源:发表于2019-03-14 11:07 被阅读5次

    前言

    每一种该语言在某些极限情况下的表现一般都不太一样,那么我常用的Java语言,在达到100万个并发连接情况下,会怎么样呢,有些好奇,更有些期盼。

    这次使用经常使用的顺手的netty NIO框架(netty-3.6.5.Final),封装的很好,接口很全面,就像它现在的域名 netty.io,专注于网络IO。

    整个过程没有什么技术含量,浅显分析过就更显得有些枯燥无聊,准备好,硬着头皮吧。

    测试服务器配置

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    运行在VMWare Workstation 9中,64位Centos 6.2系统,分配14.9G内存左右,4核。

    已安装有Java7版本:

    java version "1.7.0_21"

    Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_21-b11)

    Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.21-b01, mixed mode)

    在/etc/sysctl.conf中添加如下配置:

    fs.file-max = 1048576

    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

    net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 2097152 3145728

    net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 4096 16777216

    net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 4096 16777216

    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

    在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置:

    * soft nofile 1048576

    * hard nofile 1048576

    测试端

    测试端无论是配置还是程序和以前一样,翻看前几篇博客就可以看到client5.c的源码,以及相关的配置信息等。

    服务器程序

    这次也是很简单呐,没有业务功能,客户端HTTP请求,服务端输出chunked编码内容。

    入口HttpChunkedServer.java:

    package com.test.server;

    import static org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels.pipeline;

    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

    import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpChunkAggregator;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;

    public class HttpChunkedServer {

    private final int port;

    public HttpChunkedServer(intport) {

    this.port = port;

    }

    public void run() {

    // Configure the server.

    ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(

    new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(

    Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),

    Executors.newCachedThreadPool()));

    // Set up the event pipeline factory.

    bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(newChannelPipelineFactory() {

    public ChannelPipeline getPipeline ()throws Exception {

    ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();

    pipeline.addLast("decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder());

    pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpChunkAggregator(65536));

    pipeline.addLast("encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());

    pipeline.addLast("chunkedWriter", new ChunkedWriteHandler());

    pipeline.addLast("handler", new HttpChunkedServerHandler());

    return pipeline;

    }

    });

    bootstrap.setOption("child.reuseAddress", true);

    bootstrap.setOption("child.tcpNoDelay", true);

    bootstrap.setOption("child.keepAlive", true);

    // Bind and start to accept incoming connections.

    bootstrap.bind(newInetSocketAddress(port));

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    int port;

    if (args.length > 0) {

    port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);

    } else {

    port = 8080;

    }

    System.out.format("server start with port %d ", port);

    new HttpChunkedServer(port).run();

    }

    }

    唯一的自定义处理器HttpChunkedServerHandler.java:

    package com.test.server;

    import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE;

    import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod.GET;

    import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST;

    import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED;

    import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.OK;

    import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;

    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

    import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;

    import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;

    import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.TooLongFrameException;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpChunk;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpResponse;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpChunk;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;

    import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;

    import org.jboss.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

    public class HttpChunkedServerHandlerextends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler {

    private static final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);

    private void increment() {

    System.out.format("online user %d", count.incrementAndGet());

    }

    private void decrement() {

    if (count.get() <= 0) {

    System.out.format("~online user %d", 0);

    } else {

    System.out.format("~online user %d", count.decrementAndGet());

    }

    }

    @Override

    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContextctx, MessageEvent e)

    throws Exception {

    HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) e.getMessage();

    if (request.getMethod() != GET) {

    sendError(ctx, METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);

    return;

    }

    sendPrepare(ctx);

    increment();

    }

    @Override

    public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContextctx,

    ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {

    decrement();

    super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);

    }

    @Override

    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContextctx, ExceptionEvent e)

    throws Exception {

    Throwable cause = e.getCause();

    if (cause instanceof TooLongFrameException) {

    sendError(ctx, BAD_REQUEST);

    return;

    }

    }

    private static void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,

    HttpResponseStatus status) {

    HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, status);

    response.setHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");

    response.setContent(ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer(

    "Failure:" + status.toString() + "", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));

    // Close the connection as soon as the error message is sent.

    ctx.getChannel().write(response)

    .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);

    }

    private void sendPrepare(ChannelHandlerContextctx) {

    HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK);

    response.setChunked(true);

    response.setHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE,

    "text/html; charset=UTF-8");

    response.addHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION,

    HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE);

    response.setHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.TRANSFER_ENCODING,

    HttpHeaders.Values.CHUNKED);

    Channel chan = ctx.getChannel();

    chan.write(response);

    // 缓冲必须凑够256字节,浏览器端才能够正常接收 ...

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

    builder.append("");

    int leftChars = 256 - builder.length();

    for (int i = 0; i < leftChars; i++) {

    builder.append("");

    }

    writeStringChunk(chan, builder.toString());

    }

    private void writeStringChunk(Channelchannel, String data) {

    ChannelBuffer chunkContent = ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer(channel

    .getConfig().getBufferFactory());

    chunkContent.writeBytes(data.getBytes());

    HttpChunk chunk = new DefaultHttpChunk(chunkContent);

    channel.write(chunk);

    }

    }

    启动脚本start.sh

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    set CLASSPATH=.

    nohup java -server -Xmx6G -Xms6G -Xmn600M -XX:PermSize=50M -XX:MaxPermSize=50M -Xss256K -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:SurvivorRatio=1 -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=0 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:LargePageSizeInBytes=128M -XX:+UseFastAccessorMethods -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=0 -XX:+PrintClassHistogram -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -Xloggc:gc.log -Djava.ext.dirs=lib com.test.server.HttpChunkedServer 8000>server.out 2>&1 &

    达到100万并发连接时的一些信息

    每次服务器端达到一百万个并发持久连接之后,然后关掉测试端程序,断开所有的连接,等到服务器端日志输出在线用户为0时,再次重复以上步骤。在这反反复复的情况下,观察内存等信息的一些情况。以某次断开所有测试端为例后,当前系统占用为(设置为list_free_1):

    total used free shared buffers cached

    Mem: 15189 7736 7453 0 18 120

    -/+ buffers/cache: 7597 7592

    Swap: 4095 948 3147

    通过top观察,其进程相关信息

    PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

    4925 root 20 0 8206m 4.3g 2776 S 0.3 28.8 50:18.66 java

    在启动脚本start.sh中,我们设置堆内存为6G。

    ps aux|grep java命令获得信息:

    root 4925 38.0 28.8 8403444 4484764 ? Sl 15:26 50:18 java -server...HttpChunkedServer 8000

    RSS占用内存为4484764K/1024K=4379M

    然后再次启动测试端,在服务器接收到online user 1023749时,ps aux|grep java内容为:

    root 4925 43.6 28.4 8403444 4422824 ? Sl 15:26 62:53 java -server...

    查看当前网络信息统计

    ss -s

    Total: 1024050 (kernel 1024084)

    TCP: 1023769 (estab 1023754, closed 2, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 12

    Transport Total IP IPv6

    * 1024084 - -

    RAW 0 0 0

    UDP 7 6 1

    TCP 1023767 12 1023755

    INET 1023774 18 1023756

    FRAG 0 0 0

    通过top查看一下

    top -p 4925

    top - 17:51:30 up 3:02, 4 users, load average: 1.03, 1.80, 1.19

    Tasks: 1 total, 0 running, 1 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

    Cpu0 : 0.9%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 52.9%id, 1.0%wa, 13.6%hi, 29.0%si, 0.0%st

    Cpu1 : 1.4%us, 4.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.1%id, 1.9%wa, 0.0%hi, 12.0%si, 0.0%st

    Cpu2 : 1.5%us, 4.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.5%id, 4.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 9.3%si, 0.0%st

    Cpu3 : 1.9%us, 4.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 84.4%id, 3.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 6.2%si, 0.0%st

    Mem: 15554336k total, 15268728k used, 285608k free, 3904k buffers

    Swap: 4194296k total, 1082592k used, 3111704k free, 37968k cached

    PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

    4925 root 20 0 8206m 4.2g 2220 S 3.3 28.4 62:53.66 java

    四核都被占用了,每一个核心不太平均。这是在虚拟机中得到结果,可能真实服务器会更好一些。 因为不是CPU密集型应用,CPU不是问题,无须多加关注。

    系统内存状况

    free -m

    total used free shared buffers cached

    Mem: 15189 14926 263 0 5 56

    -/+ buffers/cache: 14864 324

    Swap: 4095 1057 3038

    物理内存已经无法满足要求了,占用了1057M虚拟内存。

    查看一下堆内存情况

    jmap -heap 4925

    Attaching to process ID 4925, please wait...

    Debugger attached successfully.

    Server compiler detected.

    JVM version is 23.21-b01

    using parallel threads in the new generation.

    using thread-local object allocation.

    Concurrent Mark-Sweep GC

    Heap Configuration:

    MinHeapFreeRatio = 40

    MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70

    MaxHeapSize = 6442450944 (6144.0MB)

    NewSize = 629145600 (600.0MB)

    MaxNewSize = 629145600 (600.0MB)

    OldSize = 5439488 (5.1875MB)

    NewRatio = 2

    SurvivorRatio = 1

    PermSize = 52428800 (50.0MB)

    MaxPermSize = 52428800 (50.0MB)

    G1HeapRegionSize = 0 (0.0MB)

    Heap Usage:

    New Generation (Eden + 1 Survivor Space):

    capacity = 419430400 (400.0MB)

    used = 308798864 (294.49354553222656MB)

    free = 110631536 (105.50645446777344MB)

    73.62338638305664% used

    Eden Space:

    capacity = 209715200 (200.0MB)

    used = 103375232 (98.5863037109375MB)

    free = 106339968 (101.4136962890625MB)

    49.29315185546875% used

    From Space:

    capacity = 209715200 (200.0MB)

    used = 205423632 (195.90724182128906MB)

    free = 4291568 (4.0927581787109375MB)

    97.95362091064453% used

    To Space:

    capacity = 209715200 (200.0MB)

    used = 0 (0.0MB)

    free = 209715200 (200.0MB)

    0.0% used

    concurrent mark-sweep generation:

    capacity = 5813305344 (5544.0MB)

    used = 4213515472 (4018.321487426758MB)

    free = 1599789872 (1525.6785125732422MB)

    72.48054631000646% used

    Perm Generation:

    capacity = 52428800 (50.0MB)

    used = 5505696 (5.250640869140625MB)

    free = 46923104 (44.749359130859375MB)

    10.50128173828125% used

    1439 interned Strings occupying 110936 bytes.

    老生代占用内存为72%,较为合理,毕竟系统已经处理100万个连接。

    再次断开所有测试端,看看系统内存(free -m)

    total used free shared buffers cached

    Mem: 15189 7723 7466 0 13 120

    -/+ buffers/cache: 7589 7599

    Swap: 4095 950 3145

    记为list_free_2。

    list_free_1和list_free_2两次都释放后的内存比较结果,系统可用物理已经内存已经降到7589M,先前可是7597M物理内存。

    总之,我们的JAVA测试程序在内存占用方面已经,最低需要7589 + 950 = 8.6G内存为最低需求内存吧。

    GC日志

    我们在启动脚本处设置的一大串参数,到底是否达到目标,还得从gc日志处获得具体效果,推荐使用GCViewer。

    GC事件概览:

    其它:

    总之:

    只进行了一次Full GC,代价太高,停顿了12秒。

    PartNew成为了停顿大户,导致整个系统停顿了41秒之久,不可接受。

    当前JVM调优喜忧参半,还得继续努力等

    小结

    Java与与Erlang、C相比,比较麻烦的事情,需要在程序一开始就得准备好它的堆栈到底需要多大空间,换个说法就是JVM启动参数设置堆内存大小,设置合适的垃圾回收机制,若以后程序需要更多内存,需停止程序,编辑启动参数,然后再次启动。总之一句话,就是麻烦。单单JVM的调优,就得持续不断的根据检测、信息、日志等进行适当微调。

    JVM需要提前指定堆大小,相比Erlang/C,这可能是个麻烦

    GC(垃圾回收),相对比麻烦,需要持续不断的根据日志、JVM堆栈信息、运行时情况进行JVM参数微调

    设置一个最大连接目标,多次测试达到顶峰,然后释放所有连接,反复观察内存占用,获得一个较为合适的系统运行内存值

    Eclipse Memory Analyzer结合jmap导出堆栈DUMP文件,分析内存泄漏,还是很方便的

    想修改运行时内容,或者称之为热加载,默认不可能

    真实机器上会有更好的反映

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