(一)陈述部分含有must/may/might的反意疑问句
1. 当 must 作“必须”讲时, 其反意疑问部分用 needn't;当含有 mustn't (不允许、禁止)时, 其反意疑问部分用 must/may。
You must go now, needn't you?
你现在必须走, 是吗?
You mustn't smoke here, must/may you?
你不可以在这里吸烟, 行吗?
2. 当 must/may/might 表示推测, 即 must 作“一定, 准是”讲, may/might 作“可能”讲时, 可首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess + that 从句”, 反意疑问部分的动词形式根据 be sure/guess 后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。
You must/may/might be hungry now,____?
→I am sure/guess that you are hungry now, aren't you?
→You must/may/might be hungry now, aren't you?
你现在一定/可能饿了, 是吗?
You must have heard about it,____?
→I am sure/guess that you have heard about it, haven't you?
→You must have heard about it, haven't you?
你一定听说过这件事了, 是吗?
You must have watched that football match last night,____?
→I am sure/guess that you watched that football match last night, didn't you?
→You must have watched that football match last night, didn't you?
你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了, 是吗?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语 last night)
(二)陈述部分含有used to 的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用 usedn't 或 didn't 均可。
You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn't/didn't you?
你过去经常开着窗户睡觉, 是吗?
(三)陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用 oughtn't 或 shouldn't 均可。
He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn't/shouldn't he?
他应该去参加这个演讲, 是吗?
(四)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有 seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定词或半否定词时, 反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?
没有拐杖他几乎不能走路, 是吗?
(五)陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的词缀构成的词, 其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。
Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesn't he?
汤姆不喜欢打网球, 是吗?
It's unfair, isn't it?那不公平, 是吗?
(六)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分带有宾语从句且主句主语为第二、三人称时, 反意疑问部分常和主句保持一致。
He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn't he?
他说他要来参加我的生日聚会, 是吗?
2. 当陈述部分的主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine 等, 且主句主语为第一人称时, 反意疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。注意否定的转移: 主句中的否定词实际上否定的是宾语从句。
I don't believe he will succeed, will he?
我认为他不会成功, 会吗?
Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed, does he?
汤姆不相信简会成功, 对吗?
(七)祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的反意疑问部分不表示反意, 而表示一种语气。其结构为:
1. 否定祈使句, + will you?
2. 肯定祈使句, + will/won't you?
3. Let's..., + shall we?
4. Let us..., + will you?
Open the door, will/won't you?打开门, 好吗?
Let's go out for a walk, shall we?我们出去散步, 好吗?
Let us go home now, will you?
现在, (您)让我们回家, 好吗?
(八)回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则
1. 不管是陈述部分为否定, 还是反意疑问部分为否定, 回答时只按所提到的事情的实际情况来确定。如果事实是肯定的, 就用 yes 回答;事实是否定的, 就用 no 回答。如: 当对方问你 You aren't a teacher, are you? 或 You are a teacher, aren't you? 时, 你只要听懂 you 和 teacher 两个单词即可, 如果你是老师, 回答 Yes, I am. 否则, 回答 No, I am not.
2. 要么肯定到底, 要么否定到底, 不会出现类似于Yes, I don't. 或No, I do. 的形式。
(九)反意疑问部分的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况
| 陈述部分主语 | 反意疑问部分主语 | 例句 |
| ---------------------------------------- | -------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| one(指人) | one 或 he | **One** can't be careful enough, can **he/one**? 一个人再小心也不为过, 是吗? |
| this, that或these, those | it 或 they | **This** isn't a fast train, is **it**? 这不是一列快车, 对吗? |
| everything, anything, something, nothing | it | **Nothing** happened to him, did **it**? 他没发生什么事, 是吗? |
| everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody | he 或 they(更常见) | **Nobody** likes to be laughed at, does **he**? 或 **Nobody** likes to be laughed at, do **they**? 没人愿意被嘲笑, 是吗? |
| 不定式、动名词、其他短语 | it | **Learning English well** takes us a lot of time, doesn't it? 学好英语花费我们很多时间, 对吗? |
| there be 句型 | there | There **will be** rain tomorrow, **won't there**? 明天有雨, 是吗? There **should be** no problem, **should there**? 应该没什么问题, 是吗? |
题组训练 单句填空
①—You haven't been here long, have you?
—No, I haven't. I am a newcomer here.
②Neither you nor I have done such silly things, have we?
③What a long time we've been waiting, isn't it?
④Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, does she?
⑤It must have rained last night, didn't it?
⑥John told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time, didn't he?
⑦John, you mop the floor, will/won't you?
⑧Let's have a break, shall we?
⑨Mr. Smith, let us have a break, will you?
⑩There is no doubt about it, is there?
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