1 简单使用ListView:
在布局文件中添加ListView控件
通过适配器将数据传递给ListView:
private String[] data={"zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","dengdeng"};
ArrayAdapter adapter=new ArrayAdapter (MainActivity.this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);
ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
其中android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1是为ListView指定的子项布局的id
2 定制ListView界面
通俗的说:将两种原料(容器中装的数据集和ListView的子项的布局文件)在加工器(适配器Adapter)的加工下一一匹配(布局文件中控件要显示的内容和数据集中的各个数据项一一对应)。
本例中是将水果和对应的名称作为数据显示在ListView中
2.1 数据集
自定义一个类,将要显示的数据作为对象属性封装在类中
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
this.name = name;
this.imageId = imageId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getimageId() {
return imageId;
}
}
2.2 子项布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_margin="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
2.3 自定义适配器
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
private int resourceId;
public FruitAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<Fruit> objects) {
super(context, resource, objects);
resourceId=resource;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
View view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
ImageView fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getimageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
2.4 为ListView设定适配器,显示数据
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,
R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
private void initFruits(){
for(int i=0;i<4;i++) {
Fruit apple = new Fruit("苹果", R.drawable.apple);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit caomei = new Fruit("草莓", R.drawable.caomei);
fruitList.add(caomei);
Fruit migua = new Fruit("蜜瓜", R.drawable.migua);
fruitList.add(migua);
Fruit orange = new Fruit("橘子", R.drawable.orange);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit putao = new Fruit("葡萄", R.drawable.putao);
fruitList.add(putao);
Fruit qiyiguo = new Fruit("奇异果", R.drawable.qiyiguo);
fruitList.add(qiyiguo);
}
}
}
3 优化,提升ListView效率
- 为避免快速滑动时重复加载布局重新加载,注意到自定义的适配器中getView()方法中有一个参数convertView,这个参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后可以进行重用,所以修改FruitAdapter中的代码如下:
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
View view;
if(convertView==null){
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
}
else{
view=convertView;
}
ImageView fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getimageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
可以看到,现在我们在getView()方法中进行了判断,如果convertView为null,则使用Layout工nflater去加载布局,如果不为null则直接对convertView进行重用。这样就大大提高了ListView的运行效率,在快速滚动的时候也可以表现出更好的性能。
- 不过,目前我们的这份代码还是可以继续优化的,虽然现在已经不会再重复去加载布局,但是每次在getView()方法中还是会调用View的findViewById()方法来获取一次控件的实例,我们可以借助一个ViewHolder来对这部分性能进行优化,修改FruitAdapter中的代码,如下所示:
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if(convertView==null){
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder);//将viewHolder存储在view中
}
else{
view=convertView;
viewHolder=(ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getimageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
class ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
}
我们新增了一个内部类ViewHolder,用于对控件的实例进行缓存。当convertView为null 的时候,创建一个ViewHolder对象,并将控件的实例都存放在ViewHolder里,然后调用View 的setTag()方法,将ViewHolder对象存储在View中。当convertView不为null的时候,
则调用View的getTag()方法,把ViewHolder重新取出。这样所有控件的实例都缓存在了 ViewHolder里,就没有必要每次都通过findViewBy工do方法来获取控件实例了。
通过这两步优化之后,我们ListView的运行效率就已经非常不错了。
4 ListView的点击事件
- 为ListView设置子项监听器,修改代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ActionBar actionBar=getSupportActionBar();
if(actionBar!=null){
actionBar.hide();
}
initFruits();
FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,
R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Fruit fruit=fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
private void initFruits(){
for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
Fruit apple = new Fruit("苹果", R.drawable.apple);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit caomei = new Fruit("草莓", R.drawable.caomei);
fruitList.add(caomei);
Fruit migua = new Fruit("蜜瓜", R.drawable.migua);
fruitList.add(migua);
Fruit orange = new Fruit("橘子", R.drawable.orange);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit putao = new Fruit("葡萄", R.drawable.putao);
fruitList.add(putao);
Fruit qiyiguo = new Fruit("奇异果", R.drawable.qiyiguo);
fruitList.add(qiyiguo);
}
}
}
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