学习目的：
掌握自动化框架中需要的一些基础web操作
正式步骤：
使用title_contains检查页面是否正确
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
url = "https://www.baidu.com"
dr.get(url)
#校验title是否包含校验的内容
a = EC.title_contains("百度一下，你就知道")
#如果包含括号内的内容，则会打印
if a:
print("title正确")
time.sleep(3)
dr.close()
使用Expected_conditions判断元素是否可见
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
time.sleep(3)
EC.title_contains("注册")
#注册输入操作，如果用element直接传参到WebDriverWait会报错，提示需要传入一个可迭代对象，而不是webelement，所以传入locator
element = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]')
locator = (By.XPATH,'//*[@id="register_email"]')
WebDriverWait(dr,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))
element.send_keys("111@163.com")
time.sleep(3)
dr.close()
获取定位的标签属性或者输入的内容
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
time.sleep(3)
EC.title_contains("注册")
email_element = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]')
#打印定位了email的标签其他元素属性
print(email_element.get_attribute("placeholder"))
email_element.send_keys("test@163.com")
#获取输入的内容，查看是否输入正确
text = email_element.get_attribute("value")
assert text == "test@163.com"
time.sleep(1)
dr.quit()
随机生成数据：用户名、邮箱账号
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import random
import time
from selenium import webdriver
url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
time.sleep(3)
#Python join() 方法用于将序列中的元素以指定的字符连接生成一个新的字符串。
data_email = ''.join(random.sample("123456789abcdefg",6))+'@163.com'
data_name = ''.join(random.sample("AaBbCcDdEeFf",4))
dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]').send_keys(data_email)
dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_nickname"]').send_keys(data_name)
time.sleep(3)
dr.close()
解决验证码--获取验证码图片
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
import random
from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
dr.maximize_window()
time.sleep(3)
element_email = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_email"]')
elemant_name = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_nickname"]')
elemant_pwd = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="register_password"]')
data_email = ''.join(random.sample('asdzxc123456',6))
data_name = ''.join(random.sample('BNMGHJ',4))
locator = (By.XPATH,'//*[@id="register_email"]')
WebDriverWait(dr,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))
element_email.send_keys(data_email+'@163.com')
elemant_name.send_keys(data_name)
elemant_pwd.send_keys('111111')
#图片处理
dr.save_screenshot(r"F:\python_stack\python_autotest\num.png")
element_code = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="getcode_num"]')
print(element_code.location)
code_left = element_code.location['x']
code_top = element_code.location['y']
code_right = element_code.size['width']+code_left
code_bottom = element_code.size['height'] + code_top
#打开页面的截图
im = Image.open("F:/python_stack/python_autotest/num.png")
#根据上下左右的坐标，来截取验证码图片
img = im.crop((code_left,code_top,code_right,code_bottom))
img.save("F:/python_stack/python_autotest/num_code.png")
time.sleep(3)
dr.close()
从验证码图片获取验证码
import pytesseract
from PIL import Image
img = Image.open("F:/python_stack/python_autotest/num_code.png")
text = pytesseract.image_to_string(img)
print(text)
PS：
如果报错：tesseract is not installed or it's not in your path
请自己下载一个Tesseract-OCR
重构封装读取配置文件方法
配置文件内容：
[RegisterElement]
element_email=id>register_email
elemant_name=id>register_nickname
elemant_pwd=id>register_password
[/RegisterElement]
读取配置文件代码：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
pip install Configparser 安装参数解析读取的包
'''
import configparser
class ReadIni(object):
def __init__(self,filename = None,node= None):
if filename == None:
filename = "F:/python_stack/python_autotest/config/LocalElement.ini"
if node == None:
self.node = "RegisterElement"
else:
self.node = node
self.cf = self.load_ini(filename)
#加载文件
def load_ini(self,filename):
cf = configparser.ConfigParser()
cf.read(filename)
return cf
#获取value值
def get_value(self,key):
data = self.cf.get(self.node,key)
return data
if __name__ == "__main__":
test = ReadIni()
print(test.get_value("elemant_pwd"))
封装定位元素类 ： find_elemnet.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from util.ReadIni import ReadIni
from selenium import webdriver
class FindElement(object):
def __init__(self, driver):
self.driver = driver
def get_element(self, key):
readini = ReadIni()
data = readini.get_value(key)
by = data.split(">")[0]
# print(by)
value = data.split(">")[1]
# print(value)
try:
if by == 'id':
return self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)
elif by == "name":
return self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)
elif by == "className":
return self.driver.find_element_by_className(value)
else:
return self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)
except:
return None
if __name__ == "__main__":
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
test = FindElement(driver)
test.get_element("element_email")
页面注册方法封装示例
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from util.find_elemnet import FindElement
from selenium import webdriver
class RegisterFunction(object):
def __init__(self,url):
self.driver = self.get_driver(url)
#获取driver，并打开网页
def get_driver(self,url):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
driver.maximize_window()
return driver
#输入用户信息
def send_user_info(self,key,data):
self.get_user_element(key).send_keys(data)
#定位用户的各个element,find_element为find_element.py的实例，然后把实例化的self.driver传入
#然后find_element就可以正常定位
def get_user_element(self,key):
find_element = FindElement(self.driver)
user_element = find_element.get_element(key)
return user_element
def main(self):
self.send_user_info("element_email","test@163.com")
self.send_user_info("elemant_name","admin")
self.send_user_info("elemant_pwd", "111111")
if __name__ == "__main__":
url = "http://www.5itest.cn/register"
register = RegisterFunction(url)
register.main()
总结：
页面的常用方法建议本地建立一个方法库表格，后续直接参考，这个是后续要写的
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