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[centos] 安装 TOMCAT

[centos] 安装 TOMCAT

作者: krmao | 来源:发表于2018-03-21 19:53 被阅读41次

    1 下载 tomcat

    cd /opt/software/packages
    wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.29/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.29.tar.gz
    tar -xzvf /opt/software/packages/apache-tomcat-8.5.29.tar.gz -C /opt/software/
    

    2 启动 tomcat

    /opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29/bin/startup.sh
    
    Using CATALINA_BASE:   /opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29
    Using CATALINA_HOME:   /opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29
    Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29/temp
    Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
    Using CLASSPATH:       /opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
    Tomcat started.
    

    3 访问 tomcat

    在浏览器中输入地址 http://10.10.10.10:8080 注意tomcat默认监听8080端口


    image.png

    4 配置端口tomcat默认端口8080 为服务器默认的 80 端口

    # 1024以下的端口只能由root用户使用,普通权限的tomcat服使用80端口启动时会报没有权限
    # 以下方法为重定向 80 端口 到 8080, 避免了权限问题
    iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080  
    iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp -m udp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080
    service iptables save
    service iptables restart
    
    # 或者
    vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    
    -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080
    -A PREROUTING -p udp -m udp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080
    
    service iptables restart
    
    在浏览器中访问 http://10.10.10.10:80
    

    5 开机自启

    chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
    vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
    # 在最下面添加
    /opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29/bin/startup.sh
    

    6 常用的防火墙配置

    #iptables-save v1.4.7 on Wed Mar 21 13:50:00 2018
    *filter
    :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
    :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
    :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
    -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 7777 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8888 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 27017 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW,ESTABLISHED -m comment --comment "Allow ftp connections on port 21" -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 20 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m comment --comment "Allow ftp connections on port 20" -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 10060:10090 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
    -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
    -A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
    -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW,ESTABLISHED -m comment --comment "Allow ftp connections on port 21" -j ACCEPT
    -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 20 -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED -m comment --comment "Allow ftp connections on port 20" -j ACCEPT
    -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --sport 10060:10090 -j ACCEPT
    -A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
    COMMIT
    # Completed on Wed Mar 21 13:50:00 2018
    
    *nat
    :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
    :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
    :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
    -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080
    -A PREROUTING -p udp -m udp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080
    COMMIT
    

    7 tomcat webapps 目录启用软连接文件夹

    • 修改 conf/context.xml
    <Context>
    
        <!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the    -->
        <!-- web application will be reloaded.                                   -->
        <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
        <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource>
    
        <!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts -->
        <!--
        <Manager pathname="" />
        -->
        <Resources allowLinking="true"/> # 加上这句话即可, 注:java 对文件夹软链接的访问使用 'dir.canonicalFile'
    </Context>
    

    8 tomcat 指定默认的启动工程

    • 修改 /conf/server.xml
    1. 当appBase采用相对路径时,其父路径是tomcat的安装目录。即:/opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29
      如:appBase = "/webapps" 或 appBase = “webapps” 相当于 appBase = “/opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29/webapps/”
    2. 当appBase使用绝对路径时,显然不需要注意什么,这也是推荐的写法。
    3. 当docBase采用相对路径时,其父路径是appBase的路径。即:/opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29
      如:docBase = “/template”或docBase = “template”相当于 docBase = “/opt/software/apache-tomcat-8.5.29/template”
    4. 特别的,路径显然只能指向某一文件夹,而不能具体的指向某个文件或是图片资源什么的。
          <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
                unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
    
            # 加上这句话即可
            <Context path="" reloadable="true" debug="5" docBase="template" /> 
    
            <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
                 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
            <!--
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
            -->
    
            <!-- Access log processes all example.
                 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
                 Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
                   prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                   pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
    
          </Host>
    

    9 由 tomcat 导致的中文乱码问题

    • 首先确保 html 文件本身是 UTF-8 编码, 并且在 html 代码中设置编码格式
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
    
    • 测试本地正常, 但是经过tomcat 中转后出现中文乱码, 尤其是纯英文的操作系统, 部分电脑正常部分电脑乱码, 有的电脑谷歌浏览器乱码但是火狐浏览器正常, 针对谷歌浏览器有一个临时解决方案,将 设置->高级->语言->中文(简体) 排序到最顶部 可以临时解决乱码
    • 修改 /conf/server.xml
        <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                   connectionTimeout="20000"
                   redirectPort="8443"
                   URIEncoding="UTF-8" />
    
    • 如果上述修改不起作用, 则需要在 spring boot 项目中增加静态资源过滤器,强制设置静态资源编码为 UTF-8
    package com.smart.template.base.config.filter
    
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
    import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceUrlEncodingFilter
    import springfox.documentation.annotations.ApiIgnore
    import javax.servlet.FilterChain
    import javax.servlet.ServletRequest
    import javax.servlet.ServletResponse
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
    
    @ApiIgnore
    @Order(1)
    @WebFilter(filterName = "static-filter", urlPatterns = arrayOf("/*")) //拦截器拦截的是域名+端口相同的路径
    class CXResourceUrlFilter : ResourceUrlEncodingFilter() {
    
        private val log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.javaClass)
    
        override fun doFilter(request: ServletRequest?, response: ServletResponse?, filterChain: FilterChain?) {
            val httpRequest = request as HttpServletRequest
            log.error("---------->doFilter start(${response?.contentType}) " + httpRequest.requestURI)
            response?.contentType = "UTF-8"
    
            super.doFilter(request, response, filterChain)
            log.error("---------->doFilter end(${response?.contentType}) " + httpRequest.requestURI)
        }
    }
    
    • 虽然设置过滤器解决了乱码问题, 比如通过访问 http://10.47.12.111/index.html 已经显示正常, 但是如果是项目的默认首页, 比如通过访问 http://10.47.12.111 就可以看到
      index.html 所展示的页面(只要将 index.html 放到 src/main/resources/public/ 目录下即可实现在 url 中不加 /index.html 也可访问到页面), 由于 url http://10.47.12.111 中没有path 所以无法被上一步骤的拦截器所拦截, 此时还有一个冷门却有效的做法
    <mime-mapping> 
           <extension>html</extension> 
           <mime-type>text/html;charset=utf-8</mime-type> 
    </mime-mapping> 
    

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