微信公众号开发 2020-04-26

作者: 五道口的程序狐 | 来源:发表于2020-04-26 20:01 被阅读0次

测试号

微信公众号平台的说明：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Overview.html

去注册一个测试号：测试号注册的网页

服务器上

前面的准备工作可以看：阿里云windows服务器配置

服务器可以到这里买：

新用户74元/年的云服务器：阿里云
学生机，10元/月的云服务器：阿里云学生机

参考了https://blog.csdn.net/u013205877/article/details/77602853 ，但是原文基于python2，这里已经修改了所有必要的东西。

另外有一个专门的框架：https://github.com/offu/WeRoBot
一个课上的抢票代码：https://github.com/THUCampus/WeChatTicket/tree/master/wechat

前提：已经打开80端口，已经装好Python，最好还要准备一个域名绑定到这个服务器的公网IP上。

到Windows服务器中，创建一个你想要放你自己的项目的文件夹（这里我的文件夹路径是C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\mp），打开这个文件夹，地址栏输入powershell回车进入

PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\mp> python -m venv ./venv
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\mp> .\venv\Scripts\activate
(venv) PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\mp> pip install Django==3.0.5
(venv) PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\mp> django-admin startproject mprobot
(venv) PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\mp> cd mprobot
(venv) PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\mp\mprobot> django-admin startapp wechat

之后用VSCode打开这个创建出来的mprobot文件夹。

修改mprobot\settings.py，在INSTALLED_APPS里面加入'wechat',，修改ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

修改mprobot\urls.py，内容是：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from wechat.views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('wechat/', weixin_main)
]

打开wechat目录下views.py文件，输入如下内容：

import hashlib
import json
from django.utils.encoding import smart_str
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.http import HttpResponse
#微信服务器推送消息是xml的，根据利用ElementTree来解析出的不同xml内容返回不同的回复信息，就实现了基本的自动回复功能了，也可以按照需求用其他的XML解析方法
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

#django默认开启csrf防护，这里使用@csrf_exempt去掉防护
@csrf_exempt
def weixin_main(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        #接收微信服务器get请求发过来的参数
        signature = request.GET.get('signature', None)
        timestamp = request.GET.get('timestamp', None)
        nonce = request.GET.get('nonce', None)
        echostr = request.GET.get('echostr', None)
        #服务器配置中的token
        token = 'C0GtrfPTCfY7cBCn94rj'
        #把参数放到list中排序后合成一个字符串，再用sha1加密得到新的字符串与微信发来的signature对比，如果相同就返回echostr给服务器，校验通过
        hashlist = [token, timestamp, nonce]
        hashlist.sort()
        hashstr = ''.join([s for s in hashlist])
        hashstr = hashlib.sha1(bytes(hashstr, encoding='utf-8')).hexdigest()
        if hashstr == signature:
            print("OK")
            return HttpResponse(echostr)
        else:
            print("HHH")
            return HttpResponse("field")
    else:
        othercontent = autoreply(request)
        return HttpResponse(othercontent)

def autoreply(request):
    try:
        webData = request.body
        xmlData = ET.fromstring(webData)

        msg_type = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
        ToUserName = xmlData.find('ToUserName').text
        FromUserName = xmlData.find('FromUserName').text
        CreateTime = xmlData.find('CreateTime').text
        MsgType = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
        MsgId = xmlData.find('MsgId').text

        toUser = FromUserName
        fromUser = ToUserName

        if msg_type == 'text':
            content = "文件已收到"
            replyMsg = TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
            return replyMsg.send()
        elif msg_type == 'image':
            content = "图片已收到,谢谢"
            replyMsg = TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
            return replyMsg.send()
        elif msg_type == 'voice':
            content = "语音已收到,谢谢"
            replyMsg = TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
            return replyMsg.send()
        elif msg_type == 'video':
            content = "视频已收到,谢谢"
            replyMsg = TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
            return replyMsg.send()
        elif msg_type == 'shortvideo':
            content = "小视频已收到,谢谢"
            replyMsg = TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
            return replyMsg.send()
        elif msg_type == 'location':
            content = "位置已收到,谢谢"
            replyMsg = TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
            return replyMsg.send()
        else:
            msg_type == 'link'
            content = "链接已收到,谢谢"
            replyMsg = TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
            return replyMsg.send()

    except Exception as e:
        return e

class Msg(object):
    def __init__(self, xmlData):
        self.ToUserName = xmlData.find('ToUserName').text
        self.FromUserName = xmlData.find('FromUserName').text
        self.CreateTime = xmlData.find('CreateTime').text
        self.MsgType = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
        self.MsgId = xmlData.find('MsgId').text

import time
class TextMsg(Msg):
    def __init__(self, toUserName, fromUserName, content):
        self.__dict = dict()
        self.__dict['ToUserName'] = toUserName
        self.__dict['FromUserName'] = fromUserName
        self.__dict['CreateTime'] = int(time.time())
        self.__dict['Content'] = content

    def send(self):
        XmlForm = """
        <xml>
        <ToUserName><![CDATA[{ToUserName}]]></ToUserName>
        <FromUserName><![CDATA[{FromUserName}]]></FromUserName>
        <CreateTime>{CreateTime}</CreateTime>
        <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
        <Content><![CDATA[{Content}]]></Content>
        </xml>
        """

再回到powershell里面，python manage.py rumserver 0.0.0.0:80

之后在测试号平台修改接口配置信息：

接口配置信息

下面的JS接口安全域名也顺便改一下，只写域名，不用加wechat

扩展

加上了语义理解（https://open.weixin.qq.com/zh_CN/htmledition/res/assets/smart_lang_protocol.pdf），加了图片回复，并且需要装一下requests库

import hashlib
import json
from django.utils.encoding import smart_str
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.http import HttpResponse
#微信服务器推送消息是xml的，根据利用ElementTree来解析出的不同xml内容返回不同的回复信息，就实现了基本的自动回复功能了，也可以按照需求用其他的XML解析方法
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import time
import requests
import json


access_token = ""
expire_time = 0
app_id = 'wxb523466a6324ff01'
secret = '90b355162a8bd1e25dff55eec8cd47c4'
#服务器配置中的token
token = 'C0GtrfPTCfY7cBCn94rj'


def get_access_token():
    global access_token, expire_time
    now = time.time()
    if expire_time <= now:
        ans = requests.get("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={}&secret={}".format(
            app_id, secret)).text
        ans = json.loads(ans)
        access_token = ans["access_token"]
        expire_time = ans["expires_in"] + now
    return access_token


def send_NLP(text, user):
    url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/semantic/semproxy/search?access_token={}'.format(get_access_token())
    data = {
        "query": text,
        "city": "北京",
        "category": "flight,hotel",
        "appid": app_id,
        "uid": ''  # 2020.04.26晚上尝试填写user会出错
    }
    ans = requests.post(url, json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False).encode())
    print(user, type(user))
    return ans.text


def send_text(toUserName, fromUserName, content):
    XmlForm = """
    <xml>
    <ToUserName><![CDATA[{ToUserName}]]></ToUserName>
    <FromUserName><![CDATA[{FromUserName}]]></FromUserName>
    <CreateTime>{CreateTime}</CreateTime>
    <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
    <Content><![CDATA[{Content}]]></Content>
    </xml>
    """.format(ToUserName=toUserName, FromUserName=fromUserName, CreateTime=int(time.time()), Content=content)
    return HttpResponse(XmlForm)


def send_img(toUserName, fromUserName, imageID):
    XmlForm = """
    <xml>
    <ToUserName><![CDATA[{ToUserName}]]></ToUserName>
    <FromUserName><![CDATA[{FromUserName}]]></FromUserName>
    <CreateTime>{CreateTime}</CreateTime>
    <MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType>
    <Image>
        <MediaId><![CDATA[{Content}]]></MediaId>
    </Image>
    </xml>
    """.format(ToUserName=toUserName, FromUserName=fromUserName, CreateTime=int(time.time()), Content=imageID)
    return HttpResponse(XmlForm)


#django默认开启csrf防护，这里使用@csrf_exempt去掉防护
@csrf_exempt
def weixin_main(request):
    get_access_token()
    if request.method == "GET":
        #接收微信服务器get请求发过来的参数
        signature = request.GET.get('signature', None)
        timestamp = request.GET.get('timestamp', None)
        nonce = request.GET.get('nonce', None)
        echostr = request.GET.get('echostr', None)
        #把参数放到list中排序后合成一个字符串，再用sha1加密得到新的字符串与微信发来的signature对比，如果相同就返回echostr给服务器，校验通过
        hashlist = [token, timestamp, nonce]
        hashlist.sort()
        hashstr = ''.join([s for s in hashlist])
        hashstr = hashlib.sha1(bytes(hashstr, encoding='utf-8')).hexdigest()
        if hashstr == signature:
            print("OK")
            return HttpResponse(echostr)
        else:
            print("HHH")
            return HttpResponse("field")
    else:
        othercontent = autoreply(request)
        return HttpResponse(othercontent)

def autoreply(request):
    # try:
        webData = request.body
        xmlData = ET.fromstring(webData)

        msg_type = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
        ToUserName = xmlData.find('ToUserName').text
        FromUserName = xmlData.find('FromUserName').text
        CreateTime = xmlData.find('CreateTime').text
        MsgType = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
        MsgId = xmlData.find('MsgId').text

        toUser = FromUserName
        fromUser = ToUserName

        if msg_type == 'text':
            # 价值1个亿的人工智能代码
            received_content = xmlData.find('Content').text
            content = received_content
            if content.startswith("查一下"):
                return send_text(toUser, fromUser, send_NLP(content, toUser))
            content = content.replace("?", "!")
            content = content.replace("？", "！")
            content = content.replace("吗", "")
            return send_text(toUser, fromUser, content)
        elif msg_type == 'image':
            # 返回对应的
            mediaId = xmlData.find('MediaId').text
            return send_img(toUser, fromUser, mediaId)
        elif msg_type == 'voice':
            content = "语音已收到,谢谢"
            return send_text(toUser, fromUser, content)
        elif msg_type == 'video':
            content = "视频已收到,谢谢"
            return send_text(toUser, fromUser, content)
        elif msg_type == 'shortvideo':
            content = "小视频已收到,谢谢"
            return send_text(toUser, fromUser, content)
        elif msg_type == 'location':
            content = "位置已收到,谢谢"
            return send_text(toUser, fromUser, content)
        else:
            msg_type == 'link'
            content = "链接已收到,谢谢"
            return send_text(toUser, fromUser, content)

    # except Exception as e:
    #     print("ERROR")
    #     return e

微信公众号开发 2020-04-26

测试号

服务器上

扩展

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