商务英语 Level 6 Unit 1 Part 5 Voca

Vocabulary【Maslow's Hierarchy】

Scientists have been studying motivation for many years.
An American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, developed a theory called the Hierarchy of Needs.
According to this theory, individuals' most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher level needs.
There are five levels of needs in the hierarchy.

psychologist: 心理学家
psychology: 心理学
psychological: 心里的

physiological
Physiological needs are the most basic requirements for people to stay alive, such as eating, drinking, and sleeping.
When these needs are not met, people seek to fulfill them above all else.
For example, history shows us that starving people may take drastic measures to survive, including eating each other.

physiological: 生理的
physiology: 生理学
physiologist: 神理学家
physical: 身体的
physician: 医生
physics: 物理
physicist: 物理学家

safety and security
The second most important need after physiological needs is safety and security.
Human beings need to feel safe and secure not only physically, but also financially and psychologically.
If someone loses their job, they may worry because their income isn't stable.

physical: 身体的
psychological: 心理的

belonging and love
According to Maslow, it's important that people feel accepted by their social groups, such as family, friends, and even co-workers.
If someone doesn't feel loved or accepted by the people in their life, they may become lonely, depressed, or insecure.
Companies that encourage team-building activities have higher employee engagement than those that don't.

belonging: 归属感

self-esteem
Self-esteem is the confidence a person has in themselves.
At work, people need to feel that they are performing well and their achievements are recognized.
If employees are encouraged, they are often more engaged.
So it's important to praise their work.

self-esteem: 自尊
praise: 称赞

self-actualization
Self-actualization refers to a person's need to reach their full potential.
Since each individual is unique, people take different paths to achieve self-actualization.
Therefore, managers should understand their employees' needs, and encourage them to achieve their goals.

self-actualization: 自我实现

Question

1. If someone is starving, what kind of need are the lacking?
   > physiological need
2. What could affect someone's need for security?
   > they lose their job
3. Many staff were worried about job security, since several employees had been laid off after the merger.
4. How can a company meet its employees' need for belonging?
   > by organizing team-building activities
5. What helps keeps employee self-esteem high at work?
   > feeling recognized by others
6. If employees feel they are not developing professionally,
   > they may leave their job