- pre-install
$ sudo yum update
$ sudo yum install libstdc++-devel libaio-devel compat-libcap1-1.10
$ sudo yum install oracle-database-preinstall-19c
注意这里可是使用20c, or 21c，即可以使用最新的，(因为这个是database-preinstall，而不是最终的database)，例如：
$ sudo yum install -y oracle-database-preinstall-21c.x86_64
$ sudo passwd oracle
修改oracle用户密码，这个oracle用户由前面的oracle-database-preinstall-19c创建。
$ id oracle
uid=...(oracle) gid=...(oinstall) groups=...(oinstall),...(dba),...
注意这里oracle的属组是oinstall，用些系统需要把oracle加入到dba组中，那么在此可以手动加入：
$ sudo usermod -a -G dba oracle
修改SELINUX值在文件/etc/selinux/config
$ sudo vim /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
把SELINUX改成permissive或者干脆disabled，然后重启机器生效。
关闭防火墙
$ sudo systemctl stop firewalld
$ sudo systemctl disable firewalld
创建/etc/oraInst.loc
$ sudo vim /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/home/oracle/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
创建文件夹用来安装数据库
$ sudo su - oracle
## now, we are oracle user
$ mkdir -p ~/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
$ mkdir -p ~/app/oracle/oradata
$ mkdir -p ~/app/oracle/FRA
准备oracle安装环境变量，把下列项添加到oracle用户的~/.bash_profile文件中：
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=$(hostname)
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=${HOME}/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$CLASSPATH
- start install
$ sudo su - oracle
$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
$ unzip /path/to/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
## interactive mode.
$ ./runInstaller
## or. silent mode.
$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /path/to/r19c_install.rsp
r19c_install.rsp的例子：
$ cat r19c_install.rsp
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2019. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
## ##
####################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# - EE : Enterprise Edition
# - SE2 : Standard Edition 2
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
# #
# The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based #
# Operating System. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDBA privileges.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSOPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSBACKUP privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDG privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSKMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSKM privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSRACDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSRAC privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
################################################################################
# #
# Root script execution configuration #
# #
################################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the root script execution mode.
#
# - true : To execute the root script automatically by using the appropriate configuration methods.
# - false : To execute the root script manually.
#
# If this option is selected, password should be specified on the console.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the configuration method to be used for automatic root script execution.
#
# Following are the possible choices:
# - ROOT
# - SUDO
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the absolute path of the sudo program.
#
# Applicable only when SUDO configuration method was chosen.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.sudoPath=
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the name of the user who is in the sudoers list.
# Applicable only when SUDO configuration method was chosen.
# Note:For Single Instance database installations,the sudo user name must be the username of the user installing the database.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.sudoUserName=
###############################################################################
# #
# Grid Options #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Value is required only if the specified install option is INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#
# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
###############################################################################
# #
# Database Configuration Options #
# #
###############################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
# GENERAL_PURPOSE: A starter database designed for general purpose use or transaction-heavy applications.
# DATA_WAREHOUSE : A starter database optimized for data warehousing applications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether the database should be configured as a Container database.
# The value can be either "true" or "false". If left blank it will be assumed
# to be "false".
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Pluggable Database name for the pluggable database in Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# One of the following
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto
# the starter database or not.
# The value can be either "true" or "false". If left blank it will be assumed
# to be "false".
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
###############################################################################
# #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #
# starter database: #
# SYS #
# SYSTEM #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the PDBADMIN password required for creation of Pluggable Database in the Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to use for managing the database.
# Options are:
# 1. CLOUD_CONTROL - If you want to manage your database with Enterprise Manager Cloud Control along with Database Express.
# 2. DEFAULT -If you want to manage your database using the default Database Express option.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=DEFAULT
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the OMS host to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the OMS port to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=0
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the EM Admin user name to use to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the EM Admin password to use to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=
###############################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY RECOVERY OPTIONS #
# ------------------------------------ #
# Recovery options for the database can be mentioned using the entries below #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if database recovery is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
然后按照提示执行：
$ sudo su -
# /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/root.sh
- 配置数据库
创建listener.ora文件
$ vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = oracle)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1)
(SID_NAME = oracle)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = <hostname>)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /home/oracle/app/oracle
创建tnsnames.ora
$ vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = <hostname>)(PORT = 1521))
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = <hostname>)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oracle)
)
)
创建数据库：
$ lsnrctl start
$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /path/to/r19c_dbca.rsp -sysPassword <sys-password> -systemPassword <system-password>
关于/path/to/r19c_dbca.rsp的内容，参考"Oracle 19c使用dbca创建和删除数据库"。
修改口令有效期(可选)
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter profile default limit password_life_time unlimited;
因为缺省情况下scott/tiger已经不会创建了，而如果想恢复scott/tiger账号则：
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @${ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql
查看数据库信息
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance;
至此Oracle 19c安装完成。
下面脚本启动和关闭数据库：
#!/bin/bash
function startdb() {
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
startup
quit
EOF
sleep 5
lsnrctl start
}
function stopdb() {
lsnrctl stop
sleep 5
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
shutdown immediate
EOF
}
if [ "$1" == "stop" ]; then
stopdb
elif [ "$1" == "start" ]; then
startdb
else
echo "ERROR: unknown command, 'start|stop' is allowed"
exit 1
fi
日常sqlplus链接访问：
$ sqlplus system/<passwd>@<SID>
SQL> ...
例如
$ sqlplus system/manager@orcl
$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
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