springboot常用starter⑬-spring-boot

简介

spring-boot-starter-test 组成包括

• JUnit — The de-facto standard for unit testing Java applications.
• Spring Test & Spring Boot Test — Utilities and integration test support for Spring Boot applications.
• AssertJ — A fluent assertion library.
• Hamcrest — A library of matcher objects (also known as constraints or predicates).
• Mockito — A Java mocking framework.
• JSONassert — An assertion library for JSON.
• JsonPath — XPath for JSON.

这里讲的是 junit5 + mock

单元测试

引入 spring-boot-starter-test

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

依赖还包括 web

编写接口

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 测试前段与后端之间交互
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test/param")
public class TestParamController {

    /**
     * req
     * http://localhost:8011/test/param/post/simple
     * <p>
     * form-data
     * id f34yfhgf
     * <p>
     * response
     * {
     * "code": "200",
     * "id": "f34yfhgf"
     * }
     */
    @RequestMapping("/post/simple")
    public Map<String, String> simple(String id) {
        return new HashMap<String, String>() {{
            put("code", "200");
            put("id", id);
        }};
    }
}

启动springboot 容器测试

@SpringBootTest
class SpringBootLearnApplicationTests {

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println("contextLoadsd");
    }

}

启动springboot容器 并且调用接口测试

package cn.gd.cz.hong.springbootlearn.controller;

import org.assertj.core.api.Assert;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.event.annotation.BeforeTestClass;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

//SpringBootTest 是springboot 用于测试的注解，可指定启动类或者测试环境等，这里直接默认。
//因为是mock测试，在实际开发过程中，可指定其测试启动时为随机端口，避免了不必要的端口冲突。
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//测试单一接口时 ，也可利用注解@WebMvcTest 进行单一测试
//@WebMvcTest(DemoController.class)
class TestParamControllerTest {

    //使用 WebMvcTest 时使用
    //@autowired mockMvc 是可自动注入的。
    //当直接使用SpringBootTest 会提示 注入失败  这里直接示例利用 MockMvcBuilders工具创建
    //@Autowired
    MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    WebApplicationContext wc;

    @BeforeEach
    public void beforeSetUp() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wc).build();
    }

    @Test
    void simple() throws Exception {
        String id = "344698773532";
        MvcResult result = this.mockMvc
                .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/test/param/post/simple").param("id", id))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andReturn();

        //断言 是否和预期相等
        System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());

    }
}

坑爹玩意

junit4 如果需要测试容器
除了要加上@SpringBootTest之外 还需要加上@RunWith
到了junit5之后@RunWith可以不需要加上

参考

SpringBoot基础之MockMvc单元测试

spring-boot-starter-test