lifelong readers

正文

Why some people become lifelong readers

为什么有些人能养成终生的阅读习惯

They can be identified by the bound, printed stacks of paper they flip through on their lap. They are, for lack of a more specific term, readers.***

他们放在膝头快速翻阅的那一叠叠装订好、印刷好的纸张表明了他们的身份。他们是读者，没有比这更具体的词可以形容他们了。

Joining their tribe seems simple enough: Get a book, read it, and voilà! But behind that simple process is a question of motivation — of why some people grow up to derive great pleasure from reading, while others don’t.

成为他们中的一员似乎挺容易的：准备一本书，然后开始阅读。瞧，你也是一名读者了！但是这一系列简单步骤背后的关键，在于阅读的动力——在于为什么有些人长大后会从阅读中获得极大的乐趣，而有些人则不会。

As Daniel Willingham explains in his book Raising Kids Who Read, three variables have a lot of influence over whether someone becomes a lifelong reader.

正如丹尼尔·威林罕在他的著作《培养会阅读的孩子》中所说，有三个变量会对某人能否养成终生阅读的习惯产生很大的影响。

First, a child needs to be a “fluent decoder,” — that is, able to smoothly “go from print on the page to words in the mind.” This is something that schools teach, but parents can help with it by reading to and with their kids.

（要养成这样的习惯，）一个孩子首先需要成为一个“流畅的解读者”——也就是说，Ta 要能够顺畅地“把印在书页上的字转化成 Ta 脑海里词语的意思”。虽然学校会教授这样的技能，但是父母也可以通过读书给孩子听，以及和孩子一起阅读来帮助他们习得这项技能。

Second, Willingham said, these fluent decoders benefit from having wide-ranging background knowledge about the world. “The main predictor of whether a child or an adult understands a text is how much they already know about the topic,” Willingham noted.***

其次，威林罕认为，（如果）这些流畅的解读者对这个世界有着广博的背景知识，他们（会）受益于这样丰富的知识储备。他指出，“一名儿童或一名成年人对文章主题已有的认识，是预测他们是否理解这篇文章的重要指标。”

Once those two things are in place, the final component is “motivation — you have to have a positive attitude toward reading and a positive self-image as a reader,” Willingham said.

威林罕说，一旦一个人具备以上两个条件时，让 Ta 成为终生读者的最后一个因素就变成了“动力——你必须要对阅读有积极的态度，并且要对作为读者的自己有良好的自我映像”。

There are, as so many parents are all too aware, loads of benefits to being able to read in terms of later-in-life outcomes, but the focus should be on helping kids discover the intrinsic value in it, in the moment. After that, other good things will come.

就像很多父母都非常清楚的那样，阅读能力会给孩子今后的人生带来数不清的好处。但他们应该重视的，是帮助孩子在进行阅读的当下，探索阅读内在的价值。让孩子明白这一点之后，阅读的其他益处便会一一显现了。

主编：Hoby

品控：苏达

审核：Lucky

重点词汇

bind

/baɪnd/

v. 装订；结合

英文释义：to fasten the pages of a book together and put them inside a cover

例句：This book is bound in leather.

flip through

（迅速地）浏览，翻阅

相关词汇：flip（v. 快速翻动）

tribe

/traɪb/

n. 一类人，一群人；部落

英文释义：a group or class of people

voilà

/ˌvwɑːˈlɑː/

excl. 瞧

英文释义：here

使用场合：used when showing to other people something that you have just made and are pleased with

be a question of

是某事最重要、最关键的部分

例句：I would love to come, but it's a question of time.

derive

/dɪˈraɪv/

v. 从...中获得

近义词：get

搭配短语：derive satisfaction

搭配短语：derive comfort

搭配短语：derive from

例句：I derived great comfort from Daniel's words.

variable

/ˈver.i.ə.bəl/

n. 变量；可变因素

相关词汇：vary（v. 变化）

词根词缀：-able（能…的）

词性拓展：variable（adj. 可变的）

例句：Pressure is a variable in this experiment.

decoder

/diːˈkoʊd.ɚ/

n. 解码者；解码器

相关词汇：decode（v. 解码，破译；理解；解读）

词根词缀：de-（否定，相反）

相关词汇：code（v. 把…译成密码）

英文释义：to understand the meaning of a word

predictor

/prɪˈdɪk.tɚ/

n. 预示物；借以作出预测的事物

例句：High blood pressure is a strong predictor of heart attacks.

in place

就位

all too

非常，太

同义词：very

例句：The holidays flew by all too quickly.

intrinsic

/ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/

adj. 内在的；固有的；本质的

词根词缀：in-（在…里面）

搭配短语：intrinsic value

反义词：extrinsic

词根词缀：ex-（向外）

搭配短语：extrinsic value