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Vert.x 响应式微服务设计之-缓存设计

Vert.x 响应式微服务设计之-缓存设计

作者: javacoo | 来源:发表于2023-07-02 15:12 被阅读0次

    设计思路

    思路很简单,无非就是优先使用缓存数据,如果缓存为空,则从数据库加载数据,并缓存,但是由于我们是使用Vert.x实现响应式的微服务,所以上述步骤必须以异步的方式实现,整合这个异步的过程将是一个难点,这里我们使用到了响应式数据库客户端:vertx-jdbc-client和响应式Redis客户端:vertx-redis-client,它们提供了丰富的API,能够帮助我们轻松实现上诉目标。

    响应式数据库客户端:vertx-jdbc-client,主要用到了基于RxJava版本的相关API,如:rxQueryWithParams,基于RxJava版本的API,利用了RxJava的发布订阅机制,在写法上更简洁,直观,优雅,避免了原生版本的回调地狱等缺点,大大提高了代码的可读性和可维护性。

    响应式Redis客户端:vertx-redis-client,主要用到了三个API:get,getset,expire,分表表示:获取缓存数据,设置缓存数据,设置缓存KEY过期时间。

    核心交互过程如下:

    1. 读取缓存

      //首先从缓存中获取值,如果没有值,则查询数据库,并缓存,否则使用缓存的值。
              RedisAPIHolder.getRedisAPI().get(cacheKey)
                      .onSuccess(val -> {
                          //缓存中没有数据,则从数据加载,并缓存
                          if(val == null){
                              LOGGER.info("预编译SQL:{},参数:{}",finalSql,dataAll);
                              //被观察者对象
                              Single<ResultSet> resultSet = dbClient.rxQueryWithParams(finalSql, dataAll);
                              //观察者对象
                              SingleObserver<List<JsonObject>> singleObserver = RedisAPIHolder.toObserver(cacheKey, resultHandler);
                              //绑定:观察者对象订阅被观察者对象发布的事件
                              resultSet.map(ResultSet::getRows).subscribe(singleObserver);
                          }else{//缓存有值,则使用缓存的值
                              LOGGER.info("从缓存获取值:key->{}", cacheKey);
                              List<JsonObject> jsonObjectList = toJsonObjectList(val.toString());
                              resultHandler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(jsonObjectList));
                          }
                      })
                      .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("从缓存获取值失败:key->{},{}", cacheKey,event.getCause()));
      
    2. 缓存数据并设置过期时间

      /**
           * 异步结果观察者对象
           * <li></li>
           * @author javacoo
           * @date 2023/6/11 22:25
      
           * @param cacheKey 缓存KEY
           * @param handler 异步结果处理器
           * @return: SingleObserver<T>
           */
          public static <T> SingleObserver<T> toObserver(String cacheKey,Handler<AsyncResult<T>> handler) {
              AtomicBoolean completed = new AtomicBoolean();
              return new SingleObserver<T>() {
                  @Override
                  public void onSubscribe(@NonNull Disposable d) {
                  }
                  @Override
                  public void onSuccess(@NonNull T item) {
                      if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                          //响应结果
                          handler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(item));
                          //缓存数据,并设置过期时间
                          redisAPI.getset(cacheKey, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(item))
                                  .onSuccess(val -> {
                                      LOGGER.info("查询数据库获取值,并缓存:key->{},expireTime->{}秒",cacheKey,redisProperties.getExpireTime());
                                      //设置过期时间
                                      List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
                                      command.add(cacheKey);
                                      command.add(String.valueOf(redisProperties.getExpireTime()));
                                      redisAPI.expire(command);
                                  })
                                  .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("缓存数据失败:key->{},{}",cacheKey,event.getCause()));
      
                      }
                  }
                  @Override
                  public void onError(Throwable error) {
                      if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                          handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(error));
                      }
                  }
              };
          }
      

    相关配置及核心代码实现

    1. 导入依赖

            <dependency>
               <groupId>org.javacoo.vertx</groupId>
               <artifactId>vertx-core</artifactId>
               <version>1.0</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
               <artifactId>vertx-rx-java2</artifactId>
               <version>${vertx.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
               <artifactId>vertx-jdbc-client</artifactId>
               <version>${vertx.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
               <artifactId>vertx-config-yaml</artifactId>
               <version>${vertx.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
               <artifactId>vertx-pg-client</artifactId>
               <version>${vertx.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
               <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
               <version>42.2.2</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
               <artifactId>vertx-redis-client</artifactId>
               <version>${vertx.version}</version>
           </dependency>
      
    2. 配置文件

      redis:
        urls:
          - redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0
        clientType: STANDALONE
        poolName: p-red
        poolCleanerInterval: 30000
        maxPoolSize: 8
        maxPoolWaiting: 32
        password: 123456
      
    3. 配置对象:包含在:ConfigProperties配置对象中

      public static class RedisProperties {
              private RedisClientType clientType = RedisClientType.STANDALONE;
              private String[] urls;
              private String password;
              private String poolName = "redis-p";
              private int poolCleanerInterval = 30_000;
              private int maxPoolSize = 8;
              private int maxPoolWaiting = 32;
              private String masterName = "mymaster";
              private RedisRole role = RedisRole.MASTER;
      
              private Integer expireTime = 60 * 60;
          //省略getter,setter
          ...
      }
      
    4. 加载配置:加载系统相关配置

      private ConfigRetrieverOptions initOptions() {
              // 使用默认ConfigStore
              ConfigRetrieverOptions options = new ConfigRetrieverOptions().setIncludeDefaultStores(false);
              // 禁用配置刷新
              options.setScanPeriod(-1);
              //加载主配置
              options.addStore(new ConfigStoreOptions()
                      .setType("file")
                      .setFormat("yaml")
                      .setOptional(true)
                      .setConfig(new JsonObject().put("path", "application.yaml")));
              String envFile = new StringBuilder("application-").append(env).append(".yaml").toString();
              //加载环境配置
              options.addStore(new ConfigStoreOptions()
                      .setType("file")
                      .setFormat("yaml")
                      .setOptional(true)
                      .setConfig(new JsonObject().put("path", envFile)));
              // 禁用缓存
              options.getStores().forEach(store -> {
                  store.getConfig().put("cache", "false");
              });
              return options;
          }
      
    5. 初始化系统配置对象

      public class ConfigPropertiesHolder {
          private static ConfigProperties configProperties;
          public static void init(JsonObject envConfig){
              Objects.requireNonNull(envConfig, "未初始化envConfig");
              configProperties = envConfig.mapTo(ConfigProperties.class);
          }
          public static ConfigProperties getConfigProperties() {
              Objects.requireNonNull(configProperties, "未初始化ConfigProperties");
              return configProperties;
          }
      }
      
    6. Redis缓存组件:

      初始化

      //初始化RedisClientHolder
                      RedisAPIHolder.init(mainVertx, envConfig, redisConnectionAsyncResult -> {
                          if(redisConnectionAsyncResult.succeeded()){
                              LOGGER.info("redis初始化成功");
                          }else{
                              LOGGER.error("redis初始化失败",redisConnectionAsyncResult.cause());
                          }
                      });
      

      RedisClientHolder:

      /**
       * Redis持有者
       * <li></li>
       *
       * @author javacoo
       * @version 1.0
       * @date 2023/6/11 21:55
       */
      public class RedisAPIHolder {
          protected static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisAPIHolder.class);
          private static RedisAPI redisAPI;
          private static Redis redis;
      
          private static ConfigProperties.RedisProperties redisProperties;
          public static void init(Vertx vertx, JsonObject envConfig,Handler<AsyncResult<RedisConnection>> resultHandler) {
              Objects.requireNonNull(envConfig, "未初始化envConfig");
              //解析配置
              redisProperties = envConfig.mapTo(ConfigProperties.class).getRedis();
              RedisOptions options = new RedisOptions()
                      .setType(redisProperties.getClientType())
                      .setPoolName(redisProperties.getPoolName())
                      .setMaxPoolSize(redisProperties.getMaxPoolSize())
                      .setMaxPoolWaiting(redisProperties.getMaxPoolWaiting())
                      .setPoolCleanerInterval(redisProperties.getPoolCleanerInterval());
      
              // password
              if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(redisProperties.getPassword())) {
                  options.setPassword(redisProperties.getPassword());
              }
              // connect address [redis://localhost:7000, redis://localhost:7001]
              for (String url : redisProperties.getUrls()) {
                  options.addConnectionString(url);
              }
              // sentinel
              if (redisProperties.getClientType().equals(RedisClientType.SENTINEL)) {
                  options.setRole(redisProperties.getRole()).setMasterName(redisProperties.getMasterName());
              }
              //创建redisclient实例
              redis = Redis.createClient(vertx, options);
              redis.connect(resultHandler);
          }
      
          public static RedisAPI getRedisAPI() {
              Objects.requireNonNull(redis, "未初始化Redis");
              redisAPI = RedisAPI.api(redis);
              return redisAPI;
          }
          /**
           * 异步结果观察者对象
           * <li></li>
           * @author javacoo
           * @date 2023/6/11 22:25
      
           * @param cacheKey 缓存KEY
           * @param handler 异步结果处理器
           * @return: SingleObserver<T>
           */
          public static <T> SingleObserver<T> toObserver(String cacheKey,Handler<AsyncResult<T>> handler) {
              AtomicBoolean completed = new AtomicBoolean();
              return new SingleObserver<T>() {
                  @Override
                  public void onSubscribe(@NonNull Disposable d) {
                  }
                  @Override
                  public void onSuccess(@NonNull T item) {
                      if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                          //响应结果
                          handler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(item));
                          //缓存数据,并设置过期时间
                          redisAPI.getset(cacheKey, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(item))
                                  .onSuccess(val -> {
                                      LOGGER.info("查询数据库获取值,并缓存:key->{},expireTime->{}秒",cacheKey,redisProperties.getExpireTime());
                                      //设置过期时间
                                      List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
                                      command.add(cacheKey);
                                      command.add(String.valueOf(redisProperties.getExpireTime()));
                                      redisAPI.expire(command);
                                  })
                                  .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("缓存数据失败:key->{},{}",cacheKey,event.getCause()));
      
                      }
                  }
                  @Override
                  public void onError(Throwable error) {
                      if (completed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                          handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(error));
                      }
                  }
              };
          }
      }
      
    7. 组件使用

      /**
           * 加载集合数据
           * <li></li>
           * @author javacoo
           * @date 2023/6/10 22:42
           * @param dbClient dbClient
           * @param resultHandler resultHandler
           * @param finalSql 预编译SQL
           * @param dataAll SQL参数
           * @param cacheKey 缓存KEY
           * @return: void
           */
          public static void loadListData(JDBCClient dbClient,Handler<AsyncResult<List<JsonObject>>> resultHandler, String finalSql, JsonArray dataAll, String cacheKey) {
              //首先从缓存中获取值,如果没有值,则查询数据库,并缓存,否则使用缓存的值。
              RedisAPIHolder.getRedisAPI().get(cacheKey)
                      .onSuccess(val -> {
                          //缓存中没有数据,则从数据加载,并缓存
                          if(val == null){
                              LOGGER.info("预编译SQL:{},参数:{}",finalSql,dataAll);
                              //被观察者对象
                              Single<ResultSet> resultSet = dbClient.rxQueryWithParams(finalSql, dataAll);
                              //观察者对象
                              SingleObserver<List<JsonObject>> singleObserver = RedisAPIHolder.toObserver(cacheKey, resultHandler);
                              //绑定:观察者对象订阅被观察者对象发布的事件
                              resultSet.map(ResultSet::getRows).subscribe(singleObserver);
                          }else{//缓存有值,则使用缓存的值
                              LOGGER.info("从缓存获取值:key->{}", cacheKey);
                              List<JsonObject> jsonObjectList = toJsonObjectList(val.toString());
                              resultHandler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(jsonObjectList));
                          }
                      })
                      .onFailure(event -> LOGGER.error("从缓存获取值失败:key->{},{}", cacheKey,event.getCause()));
          }
      
    8. 测试

      第一次查询:

      [2023-06-17 21:13:28.126] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-eventloop-thread-1] [ Class:org.javacoo.vertx.core.factory.RouterHandlerFactory >> Method: lambda$createRouter$1:92 ]
      INFO:执行交易->appid:null,交易流水号:null,方法:http://127.0.0.1:8331/api/basicEducation/getBasicEduSpecialTeachersTotalByQualificationType,参数:{"areaCode":"510000000000","level":"1"}
      
      [2023-06-17 21:13:28.246] [level: DEBUG] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:io.vertx.redis.client.impl.RedisConnectionManager >> Method: ?:? ]
      DEBUG:{mode: standalone, server: redis, role: master, proto: 3, id: 95923, version: 7.0.4, modules: []}
      
      [2023-06-17 21:13:28.344] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:edu.sc.gis.api.utils.ServiceUtils >> Method: lambda$loadListData$0:40 ]
      INFO:预编译SQL:SELECT sum(g.zrjss) total , sum(g.jzgs) empTotal , g.eduType, g.qualificationType FROM(SELECT t1.zrjss, t1.jzgs, replace(t1.xl, 'XL@GJ@','') qualificationType, t.xxbxlx eduType FROM gis_js_xx_jbxx t LEFT JOIN gis_js_xlxb_rs t1 ON t1.gis_xx_jbxx = t.gis_xx_jbxx WHERE t1.zrjss is NOT null AND t1.xl is NOT null AND t.sszgjyxzd LIKE ?) g GROUP BY g.eduType ,g.qualificationType,参数:["51%"]
      
      [2023-06-17 21:13:28.407] [level: DEBUG] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-1] [ Class:io.vertx.ext.jdbc.spi.JDBCEncoder >> Method: ?:? ]
      DEBUG:Convert JDBC column [JDBCColumnDescriptor[columnName=(0), jdbcTypeWrapper=(JDBCTypeWrapper[vendorTypeNumber=(12), vendorTypeName=(text), vendorTypeClass=(class java.lang.String), jdbcType=(VARCHAR)])]][java.lang.String]
      
      [2023-06-17 21:13:28.980] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:edu.sc.gis.api.cache.RedisAPIHolder >> Method: lambda$onSuccess$0:83 ]
      INFO:查询数据库获取值,并缓存:key->totalTeacherByQueryType_f.qualificationType_51%,expireTime->3600秒
      

      第二次查询:

      [2023-06-17 21:18:18.121] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-eventloop-thread-1] [ Class:org.javacoo.vertx.core.factory.RouterHandlerFactory >> Method: lambda$createRouter$1:92 ]
      INFO:执行交易->appid:null,交易流水号:null,方法:http://127.0.0.1:8331/api/basicEducation/getBasicEduSpecialTeachersTotalByQualificationType,参数:{"areaCode":"510000000000","level":"1"}
      
      [2023-06-17 21:18:18.212] [level: DEBUG] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-3] [ Class:io.vertx.redis.client.impl.RedisConnectionManager >> Method: ?:? ]
      DEBUG:{mode: standalone, server: redis, role: master, proto: 3, id: 95924, version: 7.0.4, modules: []}
      
      [2023-06-17 21:18:18.392] [level: INFO] [Thread: vert.x-worker-thread-1] [ Class:edu.sc.gis.api.utils.ServiceUtils >> Method: lambda$loadListData$0:44 ]
      INFO:从缓存获取值:key->totalTeacherByQueryType_f.qualificationType_51%
      

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