Future in space
As a microscopist, Zhuang is happy to see the fields of imaging and single-cell genomic analysis grow closer. KTH s Ståhl looks forward to high-resolution spatially resolved transcriptomics. Maybe, the single cell, like ten micrometers, may be the sweet spot, he says, that delivers enough data per pixel. Zeng is happy about the useful spatial analysis techniques that have emerged. Many of the existing methods lead up to single-cell RNA sequencing, which still gives the highest sensitivity readout for quantifying gene expression. One day, though, she hopes we can just get completely rid of single-cell sequencing for transcriptome-wide single-cell spatial analysis. Spatial information clearly matters, says Shendure, and we re still in the early days as far as where one can imagine the technologies eventually going. It s exciting that spatially resolved transcriptomics is the Method of the Year, says Macosko, and I think it s really just the beginning. To dig into a question of interest, people will likely use several of the many tools and techniques in the spatial analysis field. Standards, metrics and benchmarks will help the spatial field, just as they are helping the single-cell genomics field, he says. What started with single molecule FISH and single-cell genomic analysis has become a group of ways to bring the large-scale hypothesis-generating technologies of genomics into cell biology and tissue biology one that will ground thinking and technology development, says Macosko. Researchers will be able to do fine-grained studies of gene expression in a spatial context and make other measurements, too, such as of enzymatic processes and interactions between cells, among genes and between proteins. They will be able to barcode and anchor aspects of interest in space, and this stands to change the way cell biology as well as pathology and histology are practiced, he says. Zeng sees many future opportunities. The techniques are not, in many cases, they are not perfect yet, she says. We want more and better, she says, to scale up techniques and be able to measure thousands of genes routinely and efficiently. Spatial methods will become standard, says Tasic. One day people will send out tissue and get back spatially resolved single-cell genetic information, she says. Commonplace reactions to papers in this area might become: Oh, you didn t measure all the genes? Why not?
作为一名显微镜专家，庄很高兴看到成像和单细胞基因组分析的领域越来越近。KTH s Stahl期待高分辨率的空间解析转录组学。也许，单个细胞，比如10微米，可能是最理想的点，他说，它可以为每个像素提供足够的数据。曾鸣对出现的有用的空间分析技术感到高兴。许多现有的方法导致单细胞RNA测序，仍然提供最高的灵敏度读出量化基因表达。不过，她希望有一天我们可以完全摆脱单细胞测序，用于全转录组单细胞空间分析。Shendure说，空间信息显然很重要，我们还处在可以想象的技术最终走向的早期阶段。“令人兴奋的是，空间解析转录组学是今年的方法，”Macosko说，“我认为这仅仅是一个开始。”为了深入研究感兴趣的问题，人们可能会使用空间分析领域中多种工具和技术中的几种。他说，标准、指标和基准将帮助空间领域，就像它们帮助单细胞基因组学领域一样。Macosko说，从单分子鱼和单细胞基因组分析开始的研究，已经成为一组将基因组学的大规模假设生成技术引入细胞生物学和组织生物学的方法，这将奠定思维和技术发展的基础。研究人员将能够在空间背景下对基因表达进行细粒度研究，也可以进行其他测量，如酶的过程和细胞、基因和蛋白质之间的相互作用。他们将能够在太空中对感兴趣的方面进行条形码和锚定，这将改变细胞生物学以及病理学和组织学的实践方式，他说。曾晶认为未来有很多机会。她说，在很多情况下，这些技术还不完善。她说，我们想要更多更好的技术，以扩大技术规模，并能够常规有效地测量数千个基因。Tasic说，空间方法将成为标准。她说，总有一天，人们会把组织发送出去，然后得到空间解析的单细胞遗传信息。对这一领域的论文的普遍反应可能是:哦，你没有测量所有的基因?为什么不呢?
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