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What is information? —— 读A visua

What is information? —— 读A visua

作者: 刘东利2020 | 来源:发表于2023-08-04 17:23 被阅读0次

信息,如前文所述,和不确定性、随机事件这几个概念,紧密相连:

Uncertainty, randomness, and a lack of information are different ways of viewing the same underlying idea. If we cannot predict the outcome of an event, we are uncertain, and it is, from our perspective, random. However, we may be able to acquire information about the event that reduces its apparent randomness, making us more certain about it.

作者举例:

What will the weather be like in 3 hours? It’s uncertain. But from now until then, we can continuously acquire information by observing the current weather, and 3 hours from now our uncertainty will have collapsed to zero. It no longer appears random to us.

进一步说:

In fact, information theory shows that the almost all of the characteristics of the random event in question are separable from its information content–all that matters is its probability distribution.

将内容与信息的不确定性本身,进行分离 —— 研究的是抽象的信息,而不是具体语义,因而就需要概率。

在接着展开之前,我想说,不确定性,可能有三种:

- 面向过去、已经发生的事实,我们可能会猜想多种可能的原因,然后通过推理、搜集证据、实验等方式,找到真正的原因 —— 这是想象中可能过去的“坍塌”;

- 面向未来、尚未发生的可能,我们会仔细识别各种约束条件、驱动因素,同样通过推理、跟踪、访谈等方式,一般来说还会参与其中,希望可能的未来如我们所愿 —— 这是将可能的未来进行“收敛”;

但是我想说,可能其实还有一种,也许有点强词夺理,但确实很微妙:

- 面向当下、已经发生的、与自己密切相关的事实,有一种“反事实思考”的视角,帮助我们自己问自己,我们做对、或者做错了什么,才使得事实变成此刻的模样?

- 以人为镜,在时空上与我们有过紧密关系的他人,其最近遇到的困难、处境,换做自己,是不是也可能遭遇?那么会怎样?

- 基于此,我们对于人和世界的判断,是否可能更准确一些?

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