Level 6 - Unit 1- Part 3 Reading

Exercise and a certain amount of strenuous physical activity are important for maintaining good health. However, before engaging in them, it's important to know how to prevent injuries from occurring, especially for athletes and elderly people. Injuries can be minimized by doing a proper warm up. This consists of increasing your heart rate and the blood flow to all parts of your body. A good way to do this is through a series of static stretches followed by a series of dynamic stretches, which are done while moving.
想保持健康，锻炼，一定量的剧烈运动很重要。不过，在运动之前，得知道如何防止损伤伤，尤其是运动员和老年人。适当的热身可以让损伤降至最低，这包括提高你的心率，促进血液流向身体的各个部位。有效的方法是先做一组静态拉伸，然后再做一组动态拉伸，这些拉伸都是边走边完成。

Using the proper equipment is essential, especially in contact sports. To protect the head, for example, well-designed helmets can greatly reduce the incidence of concussions. Concussions are caused when the soft, jello-like brain slams into the hard human skull. Research shows that repeated concussions can have serious consequences.
使用合适的装备是必要的，尤其是在接触性运动中。例如，为了保护头部，设计精巧的头盔可以极大降低脑震荡的发生概率。当柔软的、凝胶状大脑撞击坚硬的人类头骨时，会引起脑震荡。研究表明，反复脑震荡会导致严重的后果。

Compression sportswear is another way to reduce the risk of injury, especially muscle injuries. More and more athletes are using them because their use can also speed up muscle recovery when an injury occurs.
压缩运动服是另一种减少损伤风险的方法，尤其是肌肉损伤。越来越多的运动员穿压缩运动服，因为受伤时它们也可以加速肌肉的恢复。

Another contributing factor in sports injuries is fatigue. Doctors believe that fatigue is an important warning sign that the body has reached its limit. When fatigued it is more difficult for the body to protect itself. Therefore it's a good idea to stop an activity at the first sign of fatigue. Rest periods, even for professional athletes, can prevent serious injuries from occurring.
造成运动损伤的另一个因素是疲劳。医生们认为疲劳是身体达到极限的一个重要警告信号，疲劳时，身体更难保护自己。因此，在出现疲劳迹象时最好立即停止该项运动，即使是职业运动员，休息也可以预防严重损伤。

Understanding injuries and the body's reaction to them can help people cope with the problems that accompany physical exercise. The support and understanding of coaches, teammates and family can be a critical factor in prevention and recovery. Once an injury occurs, it's too late to prevent it, and recovery can take a long time. For the elderly, a simple fall can be fatal.
了解损伤以及身体对损伤的反应可以帮助人们应对体育锻炼带来的问题。教练、队友和家人的支持和理解是预防和康复的关键因素。一旦损伤发生，就来不及预防了，恢复可能需要很长时间。对于老年人来说，一次简单的跌倒可能是致命的。