目标意义
为了理解动态网站中一些数据如何获取,做一个简单的分析。
说明
Python资源共享群:484031800
思路,原始代码来源于: https://book.douban.com/subject/27061630/。
构造-下载器
构造分下载器,下载原始网页,用于原始网页的获取,动态网页中,js部分的响应获取。
通过浏览器模仿,合理制作请求头,获取网页信息即可。
代码如下:
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import requests
import chardet
class HtmlDownloader(object):
def download(self,url):
if url is None:
return None
user_agent='Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0'
headers={'User-Agent':user_agent}
r=requests.get(url,headers=headers)
if r.status_code is 200:
r.encoding=chardet.detect(r.content)['encoding']
return r.text
return None
</pre>
构造-解析器
解析器解析数据使用。
获取的票房信息,电影名称等,使用解析器完成。
被解析的动态数据来源于js部分的代码。
js地址的获取则通过F12控制台-->网络-->JS,然后 观察 ,得到。
地址如正上映的电影:
返回信息中,解析出json格式的部分,通过json的一些方法,获取其中的票房等信息。
其中,json解析工具地址如: https://www.json.cn/
未上映的电影是同理的。
这些数据的解析有差异,所以定制了函数分支,处理解析过程中可能遇到的不同情景。
代码如下:
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import re
import json
class HtmlParser(object):
def parser_url(self,page_url,response):
pattern=re.compile(r'(http://movie.mtime.com/(\d+)/)')
urls=pattern.findall(response)
if urls != None:
return list(set(urls))#Duplicate removal
else:
return None
def parser_json(self,url,response):
#parsing json. input page_url as js url and response for parsing
pattern=re.compile(r'=(.*?);')
result=pattern.findall(response)[0]
if result != None:
value=json.loads(result)
isRelease=value.get('value').get('isRelease')
if isRelease:
isRelease=1
return self.parser_json_release(value,url)
else:
isRelease=0
return self.parser_json_notRelease(value,url)
return None
def parser_json_release(self,value,url):
isRelease=1
movieTitle=value.get('value').get('movieTitle')
RatingFinal=value.get('value').get('movieRating').get('RatingFinal')
try:
TotalBoxOffice=value.get('value').get('boxOffice').get('TotalBoxOffice')
TotalBoxOfficeUnit=value.get('value').get('boxOffice').get('TotalBoxOfficeUnit')
except:
TotalBoxOffice="None"
TotalBoxOfficeUnit="None"
return isRelease,movieTitle,RatingFinal,TotalBoxOffice,TotalBoxOfficeUnit,url
def parser_json_notRelease(self,value,url):
isRelease=0
movieTitle=value.get('value').get('movieTitle')
try:
RatingFinal=Ranking=value.get('value').get('hotValue').get('Ranking')
except:
RatingFinal=-1
TotalBoxOffice='None'
TotalBoxOfficeUnit='None'
return isRelease,movieTitle,RatingFinal,TotalBoxOffice,TotalBoxOfficeUnit,url
</pre>
构造-存储器
存储方案为Sqlite,所以在解析器中isRelease部分,使用了0和1进行的存储。
存储需要连接sqlite3,创建数据库,获取执行数据库语句的方法,插入数据等。
按照原作者思路,存储时,先暂时存储到内存中,条数大于10以后,将内存中的数据插入到sqlite数据库中。
代码如下:
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import sqlite3
class DataOutput(object):
def init(self):
self.cx=sqlite3.connect("MTime.db")
self.create_table('MTime')
self.datas=[]
def create_table(self,table_name):
values='''
id integer primary key autoincrement,
isRelease boolean not null,
movieTitle varchar(50) not null,
RatingFinal_HotValue real not null default 0.0,
TotalBoxOffice varchar(20),
TotalBoxOfficeUnit varchar(10),
sourceUrl varchar(300)
'''
self.cx.execute('create table if not exists %s(%s)' %(table_name,values))
def store_data(self,data):
if data is None:
return
self.datas.append(data)
if len(self.datas)>10:
self.output_db('MTime')
def output_db(self,table_name):
for data in self.datas:
cmd="insert into %s (isRelease,movieTitle,RatingFinal_HotValue,TotalBoxOffice,TotalBoxOfficeUnit,sourceUrl) values %s" %(table_name,data)
self.cx.execute(cmd)
self.datas.remove(data)
self.cx.commit()
def output_end(self):
if len(self.datas)>0:
self.output_db('MTime')
self.cx.close()
</pre>
主函数部分
创建以上对象作为初始化
然后获取根路径。从根路径下找到百余条电影网址信息。
对每个电影网址信息一一解析,然后存储。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import HtmlDownloader
import HtmlParser
import DataOutput
import time
class Spider(object):
def init(self):
self.downloader=HtmlDownloader.HtmlDownloader()
self.parser=HtmlParser.HtmlParser()
self.output=DataOutput.DataOutput()
def crawl(self,root_url):
content=self.downloader.download(root_url)
urls=self.parser.parser_url(root_url, content)
for url in urls:
print('.')
t=time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S1266",time.localtime())
rank_url='http://service.library.mtime.com/Movie.api'\
'?Ajax_CallBack=true'\
'&Ajax_CallBackType=Mtime.Library.Services'\
'&Ajax_CallBackMethod=GetMovieOverviewRating'\
'&Ajax_CrossDomain=1'\
'&Ajax_RequestUrl=%s'\
'&t=%s'\
'&Ajax_CallBackArgument0=%s' %(url[0],t,url[1])
rank_content=self.downloader.download(rank_url)
try:
data=self.parser.parser_json(rank_url, rank_content)
except:
print(rank_url)
self.output.store_data(data)
self.output.output_end()
print('ed')
if name=='main':
spider=Spider()
spider.crawl('http://theater.mtime.com/China_Beijing/')
</pre>
当前效果
如下:
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563087534706" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"><input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
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