协议(Protocol)
1、协议可以用来定义方法、属性、下标的声明,协议可以被枚举、结构体、类遵守(多个协议之间用逗号隔开)
protocol Drawable {
func draw()
var x: Int { get set }
var y: Int { get }
subscript(index: Int) -> Int { get set }
}
2、协议中定义方法时不能有默认参数值
3、默认情况下,协议中定义的内容必须全部都实现
协议中的属性
1、协议中定义属性时必须用var关键字
2、实现协议时属性权限要不小于协议中定义的属性权限
协议定义get、set,用var存储属性或get、set计算属性去实现
协议定义get,用任何属性都可以实现
class Person: Drawable {
var x: Int = 0
let y: Int = 0
func draw() {
print("Person draw")
}
subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
set {}
get { index }
}
}
class Person: Drawable {
var x: Int {
get { 0 }
set {}
}
var y: Int {
get { 0 }
}
func draw() {
print("Person draw")
}
subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
set {}
get { index }
}
}
static、class
1、为了保证通用,协议中必须用static定义类型方法、类型属性、类型下标
protocol Drawable {
static func draw()
}
class Person1: Drawable {
class func draw() {
print("Person1 draw")
}
}
class Person2: Drawable {
static func draw() {
print("Person2 draw")
}
}
mutating
1、只有将协议中的实例方法标记为mutating
才允许结构体、枚举的具体实现修改自身内存
类在实现方法时不用加mutating,枚举、结构体才需要加mutating
protocol Drawable {
mutating func draw()
}
class Size: Drawable {
var width: Int = 0
func draw() {
width = 10
}
}
static Point: Drawable {
var x: Int = 0
mutating func draw() {
x = 10
}
}
init
1、协议里面还可以定义初始化器init
非final类实现时必须加上required
protocol Drawable {
init(x: Int, y: Int)
}
class Point: Drawable {
required init(x: Int, y: Int) {
}
}
final class Size: Drawable {
init(x: Int, y: Int) {
}
}
2、如果从协议实现的初始化器,刚好是重写了父类的指定初始化器
那么这个初始化必须同时加required、override
protocol Liveable {
init(age: Int)
}
class Person {
init(age: Int) {}
}
class Student: Person, Liveable {
required override init(age: Int) {
super.init(age: age)
}
}
init、init?、init!
1、协议中定义的init?、init!,可以用init、init?、init!去实现
2、协议中定义的init,可以用init、init!去实现
protocol Liveable {
init()
init?(age: Int)
init!(no: Int)
}
class Person: Liveable {
required init() {}
// required init!() {}
required init?(age: Int) {}
// required init!(age: Int) {}
// required init(age: Int) {}
required init!(no: Int) {}
// required init?(no: Int) {}
// required init(no: Int) {}
}
协议的继承
1、一个协议可以继承其他协议
协议组合
1、协议组合,可以包含1个类类型(最多1个)
protocol Livable {}
protocol Runnable {}
class Person {}
//接收Person或者其子类的实例
func fn0(obj: Person) {}
//接收遵守Livable协议的实例
func fn1(obj: Livable) {}
//接收同时遵守Livable和Runnable协议的实例
func fn2(obj: Livable & Runnable) {}
//接收同时遵守Livable、Runnable协议,并且是Person或者其子类的实例
func fn3(obj: Person & Livable & Runnable) {}
typealias RealPerson = Person & Livable & Runnable
func fn4(obj: RealPerson) {}
CaseIterable
1、让枚举遵守CaseIterable协议,可以实现遍历枚举值
enum Season: CaseIterable {
case spring, summer, autumn, winter
}
let seasons = Season.allCases
print(seasons.count) // 4
for season in seasons {
print(season)
}
CustomStringConvertible
1、遵守CustomStringConvertible协议,可以自定义实例的打印字符串
class Person: CustomStringConvertible {
var age: Int
var name: String
init(age: Int, name: String) {
self.age = age
self.name = name
}
var description: String {
"age = \(age), name = \(name)"
}
}
var p = Person(age: 10, name: "Jack")
print(p) // age = 10, name = Jack
网友评论