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spring(七):注解注入(上)

spring(七):注解注入(上)

作者: 一个_人鸭 | 来源:发表于2019-10-29 16:23 被阅读0次

    实现注解相对于set注入和构造器注入是要麻烦一些的。但也有很多相似的地方。首先我们要解决的是怎么把一个包下的class扫描生成resource。具体的xml如下:

        <context:component-scan base-package="org.litespring.service.v4,org.litespring.dao.v4">
        </context:component-scan>
    

    首先我们来写一个单元测试:

        @Test
        public void testGetResources() throws IOException{
            PackageResourceLoader loader = new PackageResourceLoader();//扫描包
            //把参数目录进行扫描,同时转成FileSystemResource,存放到Resource[size]里面。
            Resource[] resources = loader.getResources("org.litespring.dao.v4");
            System.out.println(resources.length);
            Assert.assertEquals(2,resources.length);
        }
    

    根据测试用例可以看出来,我们需要一个PackageResourceLoader类来解析我们的xml,把class转变成resource。

    public class PackageResourceLoader {
    
        private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(PackageResourceLoader.class);
    
        private final ClassLoader classLoader;
    
        public PackageResourceLoader(){
            this.classLoader = ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader();
        }
    
        /**
         * 可以指定加载的classLoader
         * @param classLoader
         */
        public PackageResourceLoader(ClassLoader classLoader){
            this.classLoader = classLoader;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取当前classLoader
         * @return
         */
        public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
            return this.classLoader;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取Resource[]
         * @param basePackage 需要用到的包
         * @return
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public Resource[] getResources(String basePackage)throws IOException{
            Assert.notNull(basePackage , "basePackage must not be null ");
            String location = ClassUtils.convertClassNameToResourcePath(basePackage);//对传入的目录进行字符串转换
            ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();//获取当前的classLoader
            URL url = cl.getResource(location);//使用当前classLoader加载该目录
            File rootDir = new File(url.getFile());//根据url,生成文件
            //对文件进行遍历,可能传入的是多层文件夹,一层一层取出全部文件,存入到LinkedHashSet中
            Set<File> matchingFiles = retrieveMatchingFiles(rootDir);
            //创建matchingFiles大笑的Resource[]
            Resource[] result = new Resource[matchingFiles.size()];
            int i = 0 ;
            //根据文件生成FileSystemResource
            for (File file : matchingFiles){
                result[i++] = new FileSystemResource(file);
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /**
         * 对文件进行遍历,可能传入的是多层文件夹,一层一层取出全部文件,存入到LinkedHashSet中
         * @param rootDir 文件地址
         * @return 返回全部文件Set
         * @throws IOException
         */
        protected Set<File> retrieveMatchingFiles(File rootDir)throws IOException{
            if (!rootDir.exists()){
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()){
                    logger.debug("Skipping [" + rootDir.getAbsolutePath() + "] because it does not exist");
                }
                return Collections.emptySet();
            }
            if (!rootDir.isDirectory()){
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()){
                    logger.warn("Skipping [" + rootDir.getAbsolutePath() + "] because it does not denote a directory");
                }
                return Collections.emptySet();
            }
            if (!rootDir.canRead()){
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()){
                    logger.warn("Cannot search for matching files underneath directory [" + rootDir.getAbsolutePath()
                            + "] because the application is not allowed to read the directory" );
                }
                return Collections.emptySet();
            }
            Set<File> result = new LinkedHashSet<File>(8);
            //对该文件进行真正的取出
            doRetrieveMatchingFiles(rootDir,result);
            return result;
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 取出全部文件
         * @param dir
         * @param result
         * @throws IOException
         */
        protected void doRetrieveMatchingFiles(File dir ,Set<File> result)throws IOException{
            File[] dirContents = dir.listFiles();//得到该目录下全部文件
            if (dirContents == null){//如果是空,则警告!!!
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()){
                    logger.warn("Could not retrieve contents of directory [" + dir.getAbsolutePath() + "]" );
                }
                return;
            }
            for (File content : dirContents){//进行遍历
                if (content.isDirectory()){//如果是文件夹递归调用
                    if (!content.canRead()){
                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()){
                            logger.debug("Skipping subdirectory [" + dir.getAbsolutePath() +
                                    "] because the application is not allowed to read the directory");
                        }
                    }else {
                        doRetrieveMatchingFiles(content,result);
                    }
                }else {//是文件则加入到result中
                    result.add(content);
                }
            }
        }
    
    }
    

    这段代码简单的说就是遍历该目录,把目录下所有文件都转换成resource。由于扫描出来的resource过多,spring采用一种性能更好的方式进行解析,采用asm解析。Asm可以在运行期动态读取变更字节码。先给出代码,后面会解释asm的具体用法。下面是解析resource的测试用例

        @Test
        public void testGetClassMetaData()throws IOException{
            //根据class生成resource
            ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("org/litespring/service/v4/PetStoreService.class");
            //通过classReader读取字节流
            ClassReader reader = new ClassReader(resource.getInputStream());
            //实现自己的Vistitor为了让Asm把解析好的类通过ClassReader回调Vistitor的方式通知我们
            ClassMetadataReadingVisitor visitor = new ClassMetadataReadingVisitor();
            //ClassReader回调创建的这个visitor
            reader.accept(visitor , ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG);
            Assert.assertFalse(visitor.isAbstract());
            Assert.assertFalse(visitor.isInterface());
            Assert.assertFalse(visitor.isFinal());
            Assert.assertEquals("org.litespring.service.v4.PetStoreService", visitor.getClassName());
            Assert.assertEquals("java.lang.Object", visitor.getSuperClassName());
            Assert.assertEquals(0, visitor.getInterfaceNames().length);
        }
    

    asm实际上是访问者(visitor)模式,把上面扫描生成的resource传递给Asm框架的ClassReader进行解析,每当解析好了就调用咱们写的ClassMetadataReadingVisitor的visitor方法。asm的jar包上传到git上了。接下来我们看一下ClassMetadataReadingVisitor的具体实现吧。

    public class ClassMetadataReadingVisitor extends ClassVisitor  {
    
        private String className;
    
        private boolean isInterface;
    
        private boolean isAbstract;
    
        private boolean isFinal;
    
        private String superClassName;
    
        private String[] interfaces;
    
    
    
        public ClassMetadataReadingVisitor() {
            super( SpringAsmInfo.ASM_VERSION);
        }
    
    
        /**
         * classReader回掉的方法
         * @param version
         * @param access
         * @param name
         * @param signature
         * @param supername
         * @param interfaces
         */
        public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature, String supername, String[] interfaces) {
            this.className = ClassUtils.convertResourcePathToClassName(name);//获取className
            this.isInterface = ((access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0);//获取接口
            this.isAbstract = ((access & Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0);//是否是抽象的
            this.isFinal = ((access & Opcodes.ACC_FINAL) != 0);//是否是Final
            if (supername != null) {//父类不为空
                this.superClassName = ClassUtils.convertResourcePathToClassName(supername);
            }
            this.interfaces = new String[interfaces.length];
            for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
                this.interfaces[i] = ClassUtils.convertResourcePathToClassName(interfaces[i]);
            }
        }
    
    
        public String getClassName() {
            return this.className;
        }
    
        public boolean isInterface() {
            return this.isInterface;
        }
    
        public boolean isAbstract() {
            return this.isAbstract;
        }
    
        public boolean isConcrete() {
            return !(this.isInterface || this.isAbstract);
        }
    
        public boolean isFinal() {
            return this.isFinal;
        }
    
    
        public boolean hasSuperClass() {
            return (this.superClassName != null);
        }
    
        public String getSuperClassName() {
            return this.superClassName;
        }
    
        public String[] getInterfaceNames() {
            return this.interfaces;
        }
    
    }
    

    上面的测试用例是通过asm解析给定的java类,可以成功解析出内容,接下来我们来解析java类的注解内容。接下来我给出测试用例:

        public void testGetAnnonation() throws Exception{
            ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("org/litespring/service/v4/PetStoreService.class");
            ClassReader reader = new ClassReader(resource.getInputStream());
            //注解的visitor
            AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor visitor = new AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor();
            reader.accept(visitor, ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG);
            String annotation = "org.litespring.stereotype.Component";
            //判断vistor取得的注解
            Assert.assertTrue(visitor.hasAnnotation(annotation));
            //获取vistor取得注解的实体
            AnnotationAttributes attributes = visitor.getAnnotationAttributes(annotation);
    
            Assert.assertEquals("petStore", attributes.get("value"));
    
        }
    

    这里为了解析注解,用到了一个新的类AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor重写了 visitAnnotation方法:

    public class AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor extends ClassMetadataReadingVisitor  {
    
        private final Set<String> annotationSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
        private final Map<String, AnnotationAttributes> attributeMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, AnnotationAttributes>(4);
    
        public AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor() {
    
        }
        @Override
        public AnnotationVisitor visitAnnotation(final String desc, boolean visible) {
    
            String className = Type.getType(desc).getClassName();//获取注解类
            this.annotationSet.add(className);
            return new AnnotationAttributesReadingVisitor(className, this.attributeMap);
        }
        public Set<String> getAnnotationTypes() {
            return this.annotationSet;
        }
    
        public boolean hasAnnotation(String annotationType) {
            return this.annotationSet.contains(annotationType);
        }
    
        public AnnotationAttributes getAnnotationAttributes(String annotationType) {
            return this.attributeMap.get(annotationType);
        }
    
    }
    

    实现以上便可以运行成功上述的测试用例了。而日常的开发让我们使用这么底层的东西其实是不太好的。我们需要对它进一步的封装,这里抽象出来了三个接口MetadataReader、ClassMetadata、AnnotationMetadata,让原有ClassMetadataReadingVisitor实现ClassMetaData,AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor实现AnnotationMetadata,同时实现一个SimpleMetadataReader实现MetadataReader,以后只需要使用MetadataXXX类就可以了。具体的代码查看litespring_07


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