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netty之ByteBuf引用计数使用

netty之ByteBuf引用计数使用

作者: hello_kd | 来源:发表于2021-10-04 12:10 被阅读0次

在netty中,ByteBuf是对字节的封装,对nio的ByteBuffer的增强,用于从socket缓冲区读取和写入数据的。

ByteBuf有基于堆内存和直接内存的,若是堆内存的,应用程序无需考虑什么时候去释放,因为GC会帮助做了;若是直接内存的,那么应用程序不用的时候,需要主动释放。

在netty中,是通过引用计数来实现的,接口形式表现为ReferenceCounted,ByteBuf会继承这个接口,每个ByteBuf对象都会有一个引用计数,当这个数值为0时,那么这个对象的方法便无法使用了,新创建的ByteBuf对象引用计数值为1,可通过对象retain和release对这个值进行增加和减少。所以应用程序中,将ByteBuf的引用计数减为0后,netty就会完成内存释放

如果ByteBuf的引用计数变为0了,调用该对象的相关方法都会抛出异常。

ByteBuf buffer = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer();
System.out.println(buffer.refCnt());//初始值为1
buffer.release();//将引用计数-1
System.out.println(buffer.refCnt());//此时引用计数变为0
//buffer.writeBytes("hello world".getBytes());//这行代码会抛异常
buffer.retain();//将引用计数+1
System.out.println(buffer.refCnt());
buffer.writeByte(0);//可以对ByteBuf对象进行正常的操作

在应用程序中一般如何使用呢,我们看如下这个例子

new ServerBootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup(), new NioEventLoopGroup())
    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
            pipeline.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
            pipeline.addLast("inboundHandler1", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                    ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                                    buf.release();
                    log.info("inboundHandler1 referenceCount {}", buf.refCnt());
                    ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
                }
            });
            pipeline.addLast("outboundHandler1", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                    ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                    log.info("outboundHandler1 referenceCount {}", buf.refCnt());
                    super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                }
            });
            pipeline.addLast("inboundHandler2", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                    ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                    log.info("inboundHandler2 referenceCount {}", buf.refCnt());
                    byte readByte = buf.readByte();
                                        System.out.println(readByte);
                    ctx.writeAndFlush("hello world");
                }
            });
            pipeline.addLast("outboundHandler2", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                    ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                    log.info("outboundHandler2 referenceCount {}", buf.refCnt());
                    super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                }
            });
        }
    })
    .bind(8899);

在这个例子中,创建了两个入站处理器和两个出站处理器。在inboundHandler1中接收到msg后,调用release方法,将其引用计数变为0,然后就传递给下一个inboundHandler,这样在inboundHandler2中要使用这个byteBuf对象的方法时就会抛异常。

因此,若是ByteBuf对象不会再传递给下一个handler了,才可以release,或者是每个handler不对引用计数做变化,每个方法调用后将其传递给下一个handler,这样pipeline的TailContext最终也会帮助我们进行release

写入数据也一样,出站处理器尽量不对ByteBuf的引用计数做变化,只需一直往后传递即可,pipeline的HeadContext最终也会确保ByteBuf对象释放。若是HeadContext在接收到ByteBuf对象时,引用计数已经是0了,那么无法将数据传输出去。

//TailContext的channelRead方法逻辑
protected void onUnhandledInboundMessage(Object msg) {
        try {
            logger.debug(
                    "Discarded inbound message {} that reached at the tail of the pipeline. " +
                            "Please check your pipeline configuration.", msg);
        } finally {
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

//HeadContext的channelRead方法逻辑
public final void write(Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
    assertEventLoop();

    ChannelOutboundBuffer outboundBuffer = this.outboundBuffer;
    if (outboundBuffer == null) {
        // If the outboundBuffer is null we know the channel was closed and so
        // need to fail the future right away. If it is not null the handling of the rest
        // will be done in flush0()
        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2362
        safeSetFailure(promise, newClosedChannelException(initialCloseCause, "write(Object, ChannelPromise)"));
        // release message now to prevent resource-leak
        ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        return;
    }

    int size;
    try {
        msg = filterOutboundMessage(msg);
        size = pipeline.estimatorHandle().size(msg);
        if (size < 0) {
            size = 0;
        }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        safeSetFailure(promise, t);
        ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        return;
    }

    outboundBuffer.addMessage(msg, size, promise);
}

如果在一个handler中,对ByteBuf处理完了,并转换为其他对象传递给下一个handler,那么这个handler的方法中就可以将ByteBuf释放掉。

当然了,具体的情况要具体分析,总之一句话,确保在使用ByteBuf对象时,其引用计数值不能为0,不再使用ByteBuf时,引用计数要改为0

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