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111. Minimum Depth of Binary Tre

111. Minimum Depth of Binary Tre

作者: xingzai | 来源:发表于2019-05-12 17:16 被阅读0次

    题目链接
    tag:

    • easy

    question:
      Given a binary tree, find its minimum depth.

    The minimum depth is the number of nodes along the shortest path from the root node down to the nearest leaf node.

    Note: A leaf is a node with no children.

    Example:

    Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7],
    3
    / \
    9 20
    / \
    15 7
    return its minimum depth = 2.

    C++ 解法一:
    思路:
      二叉树的经典问题之最小深度问题就是就最短路径的节点个数,还是用深度优先搜索DFS来完成,万能的递归。首先判空,若当前结点不存在,直接返回0。然后看若左子结点不存在,那么对右子结点调用递归函数,并加1返回。反之,若右子结点不存在,那么对左子结点调用递归函数,并加1返回。若左右子结点都存在,则分别对左右子结点调用递归函数,将二者中的较小值加1返回即可,参见代码如下:

    /**
     * Definition for a binary tree node.
     * struct TreeNode {
     *     int val;
     *     TreeNode *left;
     *     TreeNode *right;
     *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
     * };
     */
    class Solution {
    public:
        int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
            if (!root) return 0;
            if (!root->left) return 1 + minDepth(root->right);
            if (!root->right) return 1 + minDepth(root->left);
            return 1 + min(minDepth(root->left), minDepth(root->right));
        }
    };
    

    C++ 解法二:
      也可以用层序遍历,记录遍历的层数,一旦我们遍历到第一个叶结点,就将当前层数返回,即为二叉树的最小深度,代码如下:

    /**
     * Definition for a binary tree node.
     * struct TreeNode {
     *     int val;
     *     TreeNode *left;
     *     TreeNode *right;
     *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
     * };
     */
    class Solution {
    public:
        int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
            if (!root) return 0;
            int res = 0;
            queue<TreeNode*> q;
            q.push(root);
            while (!q.empty()) {
                ++res;
                for (int i=q.size(); i>0; --i) {
                    TreeNode *tmp = q.front();
                    q.pop();
                    if (!tmp->left && !tmp->right) return res;
                    if (tmp->left) q.push(tmp->left);
                    if (tmp->right) q.push(tmp->right);
                }
            }
            return -1;
        }
    };
    

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