题目链接
tag:
- easy
question:
Given a binary tree, find its minimum depth.
The minimum depth is the number of nodes along the shortest path from the root node down to the nearest leaf node.
Note: A leaf is a node with no children.
Example:
Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7],
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
return its minimum depth = 2.
C++ 解法一:
思路:
二叉树的经典问题之最小深度问题就是就最短路径的节点个数,还是用深度优先搜索DFS
来完成,万能的递归。首先判空,若当前结点不存在,直接返回0。然后看若左子结点不存在,那么对右子结点调用递归函数,并加1返回。反之,若右子结点不存在,那么对左子结点调用递归函数,并加1返回。若左右子结点都存在,则分别对左右子结点调用递归函数,将二者中的较小值加1返回即可,参见代码如下:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
if (!root) return 0;
if (!root->left) return 1 + minDepth(root->right);
if (!root->right) return 1 + minDepth(root->left);
return 1 + min(minDepth(root->left), minDepth(root->right));
}
};
C++ 解法二:
也可以用层序遍历,记录遍历的层数,一旦我们遍历到第一个叶结点,就将当前层数返回,即为二叉树的最小深度,代码如下:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
if (!root) return 0;
int res = 0;
queue<TreeNode*> q;
q.push(root);
while (!q.empty()) {
++res;
for (int i=q.size(); i>0; --i) {
TreeNode *tmp = q.front();
q.pop();
if (!tmp->left && !tmp->right) return res;
if (tmp->left) q.push(tmp->left);
if (tmp->right) q.push(tmp->right);
}
}
return -1;
}
};
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