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6. SpringMVC异常处理及拦截器

6. SpringMVC异常处理及拦截器

作者: 飞扬code | 来源:发表于2019-10-29 21:09 被阅读0次

    spring异常处理

    image.png

    实现步骤

    准备
    image.png image.png
    image.png image.png

    pom.xml

      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
      </properties>
    
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.5</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.0</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    
    

    springMVC.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.neuedu"/>
    
        <!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
        <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--前端控制器,哪些静态资源不拦截-->
        <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
        <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
        <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
    
        <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
    </beans>
    

    web.xml

      <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
    
      <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
      <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
    

    index.jsp

        <h3>异常处理</h3>
        <a href="user/testException" >异常处理</a>
    

    UserController

    package com.neuedu.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public class UserController {
        @RequestMapping("/testException")
        public String testException(){
            System.out.println("testException执行了...");
            return "success";
        }
    }
    
    编写异常类和错误页面
    image.png

    SysException

    package com.neuedu.exception;
    
    public class SysException extends Exception {
        // 存储提示信息的
        private String message;
    
        public String getMessage() {
            return message;
        }
    
        public void setMessage(String message) {
            this.message = message;
        }
    
        public SysException(String message) {
            this.message = message;
        }
    }
    
    

    error.jsp

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        ${errorMsg}
    
    </body>
    </html>
    
    自定义异常处理器
    image.png
    package com.neuedu.exception;
    
    import com.neuedu.exception.SysException;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    /**
     * 异常处理器
     */
    public class SysExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
        /**
         * 处理异常业务逻辑
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @param ex
         * @return
         */
        @Override
        public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
            // 获取到异常对象
            SysException e = null;
            if(ex instanceof SysException){
                e = (SysException)ex;
            }else{
                e = new SysException("系统正在维护....");
            }
            // 创建ModelAndView对象
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
            mv.addObject("errorMsg",e.getMessage());
            mv.setViewName("error");
            return mv;
        }
    }
    
    
    配置异常处理器

    springMVC.xml

        <!--配置异常处理器-->
        <bean id="sysExceptionResolver" class="com.neuedu.exception.SysExceptionResolver"/>
    
    运行结果
    image.png image.png

    spring拦截器

    1. SpringMVC框架中的拦截器用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理的技术。
    2. 可以定义拦截器链,连接器链就是将拦截器按着一定的顺序结成一条链,在访问被拦截的方法时,拦截器链
      中的拦截器会按着定义的顺序执行。
    3. 拦截器和过滤器的功能比较类似,有区别
    • 过滤器是Servlet规范的一部分,任何框架都可以使用过滤器技术。
    • 拦截器是SpringMVC框架独有的。
    • 过滤器配置了/*,可以拦截任何资源。
    • 拦截器只会对控制器中的方法进行拦截。
    1. 拦截器也是AOP思想的一种实现方式
    2. 想要自定义拦截器,需要实现HandlerInterceptor接口。
    准备
    image.png image.png image.png

    UserController

    package com.neuedu.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public class UserController {
        @RequestMapping("/testInterceptor")
        public String testInterceptor(){
            System.out.println("testInterceptor执行了...");
            return "success";
        }
    }
    

    index.jsp

        <h3>拦截器</h3>
        <a href="user/testInterceptor" >拦截器</a>
    
    自定义拦截器的步骤
    1、编写一个普通类实现 HandlerInterceptor 接口
    image.png

    Ctrl+o 实现方法


    image.png
    1. preHandle方法是controller方法执行前拦截的方法
    • 可以使用request或者response跳转到指定的页面
    • return true放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有拦截器,执行controller中的方法。
      1. return false不放行,不会执行controller中的方法。
    1. postHandle是controller方法执行后执行的方法,在JSP视图执行前。
    • 可以使用request或者response跳转到指定的页面
    • 如果指定了跳转的页面,那么controller方法跳转的页面将不会显示。
    1. postHandle方法是在JSP执行后执行
    • request或者response不能再跳转页面了
    package com.neuedu.interceptor;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    /**
     * 自定义拦截器
     */
    public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
        /**
         * 预处理,controller方法执行前
         * return true 放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有,执行controller中的方法
         * return false不放行
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...");
            return true;
        }
    }
    
    
    2、配置拦截器
        <!--配置拦截器-->
        <mvc:interceptors>
            <!--配置拦截器-->
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <!--要拦截的具体的方法-->
                <mvc:mapping path="/user/*"/>
                <!--不要拦截的方法
                <mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>
                -->
                <!--配置拦截器对象-->
                <bean class="com.neuedu.interceptor.MyInterceptor1" />
            </mvc:interceptor>
        </mvc:interceptors>
    
    3、测试运行结果

    success.jsp

        <h3>执行成功</h3>
        <% System.out.println("success.jsp执行了..."); %> 
    
    image.png image.png
    image.png

    不放行跳转error.jsp

        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }
    
    image.png

    其他方法

        /**
         * 后处理方法,controller方法执行后,success.jsp执行之前
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @param modelAndView
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...后1111");
            // request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }
    
        /**
         * success.jsp页面执行后,该方法会执行
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @param ex
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...最后1111");
        }
    
    
    多拦截器

    拦截器1

    package com.neuedu.interceptor;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    /**
     * 自定义拦截器
     */
    public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
        /**
         * 预处理,controller方法执行前
         * return true 放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有,执行controller中的方法
         * return false不放行
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...前1111");
            // request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
            return true;
        }
    
        /**
         * 后处理方法,controller方法执行后,success.jsp执行之前
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @param modelAndView
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...后1111");
            // request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }
    
        /**
         * success.jsp页面执行后,该方法会执行
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @param ex
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...最后1111");
        }
    }
    
    

    拦截器2

    package com.neuedu.interceptor;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class MyInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {
        /**
         * 预处理,controller方法执行前
         * return true 放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有,执行controller中的方法
         * return false不放行
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...前2222");
            // request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
            return true;
        }
    
        /**
         * 后处理方法,controller方法执行后,success.jsp执行之前
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @param modelAndView
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...后2222");
            // request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }
    
        /**
         * success.jsp页面执行后,该方法会执行
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param handler
         * @param ex
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...最后2222");
        }
    }
    
    
        <!--配置拦截器-->
        <mvc:interceptors>
            <!--配置拦截器-->
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <!--要拦截的具体的方法-->
                <mvc:mapping path="/user/*"/>
                <!--不要拦截的方法
                <mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>
                -->
                <!--配置拦截器对象-->
                <bean class="com.neuedu.interceptor.MyInterceptor1" />
            </mvc:interceptor>
    
            <!--配置第二个拦截器-->
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <!--要拦截的具体的方法-->
                <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
                <!--不要拦截的方法
                <mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>
                -->
                <!--配置拦截器对象-->
                <bean class="com.neuedu.interceptor.MyInterceptor2" />
            </mvc:interceptor>
        </mvc:interceptors>
    
    image.png

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